Ngokunyuka kwemfuno yophando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yoluntu ngabantu, umsebenzi omninzi kufuneka wenziwe phantsi kwamanzi ukuze kuhlolwe, uphando kunye nokutsalwa kwemithombo. Ke ngoko, imfuno yoomatshini abakhethekileyo ayizange ingxamiseke ngakumbi. Ikhareji yangaphantsi yomatshini elungele ukusebenza phantsi kwamanzi izisa uncedo olukhulu kumsebenzi wangaphantsi kwamanzi. Iimfuno zoyilo zezi khariji zangaphantsi ziphezulu ngokuqinisekileyo kunezo zeenqwelo zangaphantsi zangaphantsi. Bamele bajongane nemingeni ekhethekileyo eziswa yimo engqongileyo engaphantsi kwamanzi, kubandakanywa uxinzelelo oluphezulu, amanzi atyumkileyo anetyuwa, kunye nesidingo sokusebenza okuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Makhe sixoxe ngeemfuno ezisisiseko zoyilo lwekhareji yangaphantsi koomatshini elungele ukusebenza phantsi kwamanzi:
Imekobume ephantsi kwamanzi ibeka imiceli mngeni ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwetshisi.
Ukuntsokotha kwendawo yokusebenza phantsi kwamanzi kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu kuyilo lwekhareji yangaphantsi. Ezona mfuno zibalulekileyo ziquka:
1. Ukuxhatshazwa koxinzelelo: Njengoko ubunzulu bukhula, kunjalo noxinzelelo lwamanzi. Uyilo lwekhareji yangaphantsi yoomatshini kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu akhutshwa ngamanzi kubunzulu obahlukeneyo, obunokugqithisa amakhulu aliqela eatmospheres.
2. Ukumelana nokutyiwa: Amanzi anetyuwa anokonakalisa kakhulu. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-undercarriage yangaphantsi kwamanzi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana ne-corrosion ukuqinisekisa ubude bayo kunye nokuthembeka. Oku kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweengubo ezikhethekileyo okanye izixhobo zokumelana nokuvezwa kwexesha elide kwindawo enzima yaselwandle.
3. Ukuhluka kobushushu: Ubushushu obungaphantsi kwamanzi bunokwahluka kakhulu, buchaphazela ukusebenza kwezinto kunye namacandelo. Uyilo lwekhareji yangaphantsi kufuneka ikwazi ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu, ukusuka kubunzulu obubandayo bolwandle ukuya kumphezulu oshushu.
4. Ukutywinwa kunye noKhuseleko: Ukungena kwamanzi kunokukhokelela kwintlekele yokusilela kweenkqubo zoomatshini. Ke ngoko, isisombululo esisebenzayo sokutywina sibalulekile ekukhuseleni amacandelo abuthathaka kumonakalo wamanzi.
Uyilo oluqhelekileyo kunye nemveliso
Omnye wemiba ebaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni i-undercarriage yoomatshini kwimisebenzi yangaphantsi kwamanzi sisidingo soyilo olulungelelanisiweyo kunye nemveliso esekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile. Izisombululo zoyilo ezingaphandle kweshelufu zihlala zisilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezikhethekileyo zezicelo ezizodwa zangaphantsi kwamanzi. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso akubandakanyi nje ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko kodwa nokuqinisekisa ubukho bemisebenzi ethembekileyo yokusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima. Imisebenzi edityanisiweyo elungiselelweyo esekwe kwindawo eyiyo ibandakanya:
1. Imilinganiselo kunye nokumila: Ikhareji yangaphantsi mayilungiselelwe ukuba ilingane imilinganiselo ethile kunye neemfuno zokuthwala ubunzima besixhobo esiza kuhlala kuzo. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuyila uyilo olubambeneyo lokunciphisa ukuxhathisa ngelixa ukhulisa isithuba sangaphakathi samalungu.
2. Uyilo lweModyuli: Indlela yeemodyuli yenza ukuba kube lula ukuphuculwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-undercarriage. Ngokuyila i-undercarriage enamalungu atshintshanayo, abaqhubi banokukhawuleza ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno eziguqukayo okanye batshintshe amacandelo awonakeleyo ngaphandle kokuphinda bahlengahlengise ngokupheleleyo.
3. Ukudityaniswa kweTekhnoloji: Njengoko imisebenzi yangaphantsi kwamanzi ixhomekeke ngakumbi kubuchwepheshe obuphezulu, i-undercarriage kufuneka ifake iisensonsi ezahlukeneyo, iikhamera kunye nezixhobo zonxibelelwano. Uyilo olulungiselelweyo lunokuqinisekisa ukuba obu buchwepheshe budityaniswe ngaphandle komthungo kwi-chassis ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukuthembeka kwayo kolwakhiwo.
Iimfuno eziphezulu zokukhetha izinto eziphathekayo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ngaphantsi kwamanzi yinto ephambili echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwayo kunye nokuqina. Ezi mathiriyeli zilandelayo zithathwa ngokuba zifanelekile kwizicelo zangaphantsi kwamanzi:
Iialloyi ze-Titanium: Ezaziwa ngokomelela kwazo kubunzima obubalaseleyo kunye nokuxhathisa ukudleka, iialloyi zetitanium zisetyenziswa rhoqo kusetyenziso oluphezulu lwangaphantsi kwamanzi. Banokumelana noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwaye abafane badinwe, nto leyo ebenza babe lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi enzulu yolwandle.
2. Insimbi engenasici: Nangona ingakhanyi njenge-titanium, insimbi engenasici inokumelana ne-corrosion egqwesileyo kwaye isoloko isetyenziswa kwizicelo apho iindleko zixhalabileyo. I-high-grade steel stainless, njenge-316L, iyasebenza ngokukodwa kwiindawo zaselwandle.
3. I-alloys ye-aluminium: Ukukhanya ngobunzima kunye nokumelana nokubola, ii-alloys ze-aluminium zihlala zisetyenziselwa i-chassis engaphantsi kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka baphathwe ngeengubo ezikhuselayo zokwandisa ukuqina kwazo emanzini anetyuwa.
4. Izinto ezixubileyo: Izinto ezixubileyo eziphezulu, ezifana ne-carbon fiber reinforced polymers, zinika inhlanganisela ekhethekileyo yokukhanya kunye namandla aphezulu. Ezi mathiriyeli zinokwenziwa ubunjineli ukuze zibe namandla abalaseleyo acinezelayo kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, zizenze zilungele usetyenziso olukhethekileyo lwangaphantsi kwamanzi.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwecandelo lokutywina
Ukutywinwa okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukungena kwamanzi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zoomatshini zangaphantsi kwamanzi. Uyilo lwe-undercarriage kufuneka lubandakanye izisombululo ezahlukeneyo zokutywinwa, kubandakanya:
1. I-O-rings kunye neegaskets: Ezi ziyimfuneko ekudaleni amatywina angangeni manzi phakathi kwamacandelo. Ii-elastomers ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinokumelana nokushisa okukhulu kunye noxinzelelo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo ende.
2. I-Potting compounds: Kumacandelo e-elektroniki abuthathaka, i-potting compounds inokubonelela ngoluhlu olongezelelweyo lokukhusela ukukhusela ukungena kwamanzi. Ezi zixhobo zidibanisa amacandelo, zenza umqobo wokuthintela umonakalo womswakama.
3. Iivalve zokulinganisa uxinzelelo: Ezi zivalo zinokulinganisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwe-chassis kwaye zithintele ukubunjwa kwetywina lokucoca elinokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwesakhiwo. Zibaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezinzulu zolwandle apho ukuhluka koxinzelelo kunokubaluleka.
Ukuqukumbela
Uyilo kunye nokuveliswa komatshini ohamba ngaphantsi kwamanzi ofanelekileyo kwimisebenzi yangaphantsi kwamanzi kufuna ukuqonda ngokubanzi imingeni ekhethekileyo eyenziwa yimo engqongileyo yaselwandle. Uyilo olulungiselelweyo, ukukhetha izinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezisombululo zokutywina ezisebenzayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ze-chassis ephantsi kwamanzi eyimpumelelo. Njengoko imizi-mveliso iqhubeka nokuphonononga ubunzulu bolwandle, imfuno ye-chassis yomatshini evelisa izinto ezintsha nezithembekileyo iya kunyuka kuphela. Ngokuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zoyilo, abavelisi banokuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso zabo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenza phantsi kwamanzi kwaye bavule indlela yenkqubela phambili yokuhlola, uphando, kunye nokutsalwa kobutyebi.
Ukuqukumbela, ikamva lomsebenzi ophantsi kwamanzi lixhomekeke kubuchule bokwenza inqwelo yangaphantsi eyomeleleyo, ethembekileyo nesebenzayo enokumelana neemeko ezimandundu zolwandle olunzulu. Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yenzululwazi yemathiriyeli kunye nobunjineli, ukubanakho ukusungula izinto ezintsha kweli candelo kukhulu, kuzisa ulindelo oluchulumancisayo kuphuhliso loshishino lobuchwephesha bangaphantsi kwamanzi.