Ifowuni:
I-imeyile:
Kwicandelo lobunjineli nolwakhiwo elihlala litshintsha, njengoko iiprojekthi zisiba nzima ngakumbi kwaye umhlaba usiba nzima ngakumbi, kukho imfuno ekhulayo yezithuthi zothutho ezikhethekileyo ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo ezinokukwazi ukuhamba kwezi ndawo. Enye yezona nkqubela ziphawulekayo kweli candelo kukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi ezingaphantsi kwesithuthi ezilandelelwayo kwizithuthi zothutho zokwakha.
Ukuqonda i-Track undercarriage
Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwendlela, esaziwa ngokuba sisithuthi esilandelelwayo, sisebenzisa uyilo oluqhubekayo lwendlela endaweni yamavili emveli. Olu yilo luvumela indawo enkulu edibana nomhlaba, nto leyo esasaza ngokulinganayo ubunzima besithuthi. Ngenxa yoko, itshasi yomzila inokudlula kumhlaba othambileyo, ongalinganiyo, okanye orhabaxa odla ngokuthintela izithuthi ezinamavili. Zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ulwakhiwo, ukumbiwa kwemigodi, ezolimo, kunye nemisebenzi yomkhosi.
Iingenelo zesithuthi esingaphantsi kwemoto esilandelwayo
1. Ukuqina nokubambelela okuphuculweyo: Umzila oqhubekayo unika amandla okubambelela angcono, okuvumela imoto ukuba ihambe kwiindawo ezityibilikayo okanye ezikhululekileyo ngaphandle komngcipheko wokubhajwa. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiimeko ezinodaka, ezinesanti okanye ezinekhephu.
2. Nciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba: Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi esilandelwayo sisasaza ubunzima besithuthi kwindawo enkulu, sinciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba. Olu phawu lunciphisa ukuxinana komhlaba kunye nomonakalo kwiindawo ezibuthathaka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwiindawo zokwakha kunye neendawo zokuhlala zendalo.
3. Yandisa umthamo wokuthwala imithwalo: Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi esilandelwayo senzelwe ukuthwala imithwalo enzima kwaye sifanelekile ukuthutha izixhobo zokwakha, oomatshini abanzima kunye nezixhobo. Ulwakhiwo lwazo oluqinileyo luqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukusingatha imisebenzi yobunjineli enzima.
4. Ukuguquguquka: Isithuthi esingaphantsi kohlobo lwetrekhi sinokuziqhelanisa nezicelo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhotyiswa ngezinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo. Oku kuguquguquka kwenza ukuba bakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuthuthweni kwezinto ukuya ekusebenzeni njengeekreyini ezihambayo okanye ii-excavators.
5. Ubuchule bokusebenzisa zonke iindlela: Enye yezona nzuzo zibalaseleyo zokuhamba ngeenyawo ezilandelelweyo kukukwazi kwazo ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinzima. Nokuba ziintaba ezinde, iindawo ezinamatye okanye iindawo ezinamanzi, ezi zithuthi zinokugcina ukuhambahamba okungenakukwazi ukuhambahamba kuzo izithuthi zemveli.
Isicelo soThutho loBunjineli
Ukusetyenziswa kwesithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi esilandelwayo kwizithuthi zobunjineli kubandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kunye nemisebenzi.
1. Kwishishini lokwakha, iimoto ezingaphantsi kwesithuthi ezilandelelweyo zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ii-bulldozer, ii-excavators kunye nezithuthi zokuthutha izinto. Ii-chassis ezilandelelweyo ziyaziwa kwiindawo zokwakha ngenxa yomthwalo wazo ophezulu kunye nokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa nomhlaba onzima.
2. Ishishini leMigodi: Ishishini lemigodi lixhomekeke kakhulu kwizithuthi ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezilandelelwa ngomkhondo wokuthutha isinyithi, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi, kwaye liyaziwa ngokuphatha nokuthutha izixhobo ngokufanelekileyo.
3. Ezolimo: Kwezolimo, iitrektara ezirhubuluzayo zisetyenziselwa ukulima, ukulima nokuthutha izityalo. Iitrektara ezirhubuluzayo zinokusebenza kumhlaba othambileyo ngaphandle kokubangela ukuxinana, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ekugcineni impilo yomhlaba kunye nokwenza ngcono isivuno sezityalo.
4. Umkhosi kunye noKhuselo: Iimoto ezingaphantsi kwesithuthi ezilandelelwayo nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo zasemkhosini. Izithuthi ezifana neetanki kunye neenqwelo zabasebenzi ezixhobileyo zisebenzisa i-chassis elandelelweyo ukuphucula ukuhambahamba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuqina kwazo kunye nokuzinza kwazo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwiindawo ezinzima.
5. Uncedo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwimeko yentlekele: Itshasi elandelelweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukuthutha izinto, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi kwiindawo ezihlaselwe yintlekele. Itshasi elandelelweyo inganqumla iindawo ezizaliswe yinkunkuma okanye iindawo ezikhukuliswe ngamanzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimpahla ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wokuphendula ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji
Ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bufakiwe kwisithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi esilandelwayo, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kwaso. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokuhamba nge-GPS, ukusebenza kolawulo olukude, kunye neenkqubo zokwenza izinto ngokuzenzekelayo ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lokuthuthwa kobunjineli. Umzekelo, ubuchwepheshe be-GPS buvumela ukuhamba ngokuchanekileyo kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo, ngelixa iinkqubo zolawulo olukude zivumela abaqhubi ukuba balawule izithuthi bekude, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinobungozi.
Ukongeza, kwenziwe inkqubela phambili ekuphuhlisweni kwezithuthi ezingaphantsi komhlaba ezisebenzisa umbane kunye nezisebenzisa umbane. Ezi ndlela zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo zinciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwepetroli, zihambelana nokukhuthaza ihlabathi ukuba liqhubeke lisebenza ngobuchule bobunjineli nokwakha.