Ifowuni:
I-imeyile:
Itshasi engaphantsi kwesithuthi esinesixhobo esijikelezayoyenye yezona zinto ziphambili zoyilo lwee-excavators ukuze kufezekiswe imisebenzi esebenzayo neguquguqukayo. Idibanisa ngokwemvelo isixhobo esingaphezulu sokusebenza (i-boom, i-stick, ibhakethi, njl.njl.) kunye nendlela yokuhamba esezantsi (iitraki okanye amatayara) kwaye ivumela ukujikeleza kwe-360° kwinkqubo ye-slewing bearing kunye ne-drive, ngaloo ndlela yandisa kakhulu uluhlu lokusebenza. Okulandelayo luhlalutyo oluneenkcukacha lwezicelo zayo ezithile kunye neenzuzo:
I. Ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo se-Rotary undercarriage
1. I-Rotary Bearing
- Iibheringi ezinkulu zebhola okanye zerola ezidibanisa isakhelo esingaphezulu (inxalenye ejikelezayo) nesakhelo esisezantsi (i-chassis), amandla e-axial, i-radial, kunye namaxesha okujika.
- Iindidi eziqhelekileyo: iibheringi zebhola zoqhagamshelwano ezine-row enye (ezilula), iibheringi zerola ezinqamlezileyo (ezinzima kakhulu).
2. Inkqubo yokuqhuba ejikelezayo
- Injini yeHydraulic: iqhuba igiya yokujikeleza ijikelezisa i-reducer ukuze ifikelele ekujikelezeni okugudileyo (isisombululo esiqhelekileyo).
- Injini yombane: isetyenziswa kwii-excavators zombane, inciphisa ilahleko ze-hydraulic kwaye inika impendulo ekhawulezayo.
3. Uyilo lweSithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi esiqinisiweyo
- Isakhelo esingaphantsi kwesithuthi esiqinisiweyo sesakhiwo sentsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuqina nokuzola ngexesha lokusika.
- Isithuthi esingaphantsi kohlobo lwetrekhi sidla ngokufuna igeyiji ebanzi yetrekhi, ngelixa itshasi yohlobo lwetireyi kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngee-hydraulic outriggers ukuze ilungelelanise ixesha lokudubula.
II. Uphuculo oluPhambili ekusebenzeni kwabaGcini beMigodi
1. Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza
- Ukusebenza Okungaphazanyiswa yi-360°: Akukho mfuneko yokuhambisa itshasi ukuze igubungele zonke iindawo ezingqongileyo, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezimxinwa (ezifana nokwakhiwa kwedolophu, ukumbiwa kwemibhobho).
- Ukubeka ngokuchanekileyo: Ulawulo lwevalvu oluhambelanayo lwesantya sokusika luvumela ukubeka ibhakethi kwinqanaba le-millimeter (njengokugqitywa komngxuma wesiseko).
2. Ukuphucula Ukusebenza Kakuhle Komsebenzi
- Ukuncipha Kokuhamba Kwamaxesha: Ii-excavator zemveli ezizinzileyo kufuneka zihlengahlengise iindawo rhoqo, ngelixa i-chassis ejikelezayo engaphantsi kwesithuthi inokutshintsha ubuso bokusebenza ngokujikeleza, oko konga ixesha.
- Izenzo eziQokelelweyo zeCompound: Ulawulo lokudibanisa i-slewing kunye ne-boom/stick (ezifana nezenzo "zokujikeleza") zonyusa ukusebenza kakuhle komjikelo.
3. Uzinzo kunye noKhuseleko
- Iziko loLawulo loMxhuzulane: Imithwalo enamandla ngexesha lokusika isasazwa ngesithuthi esingaphantsi, kwaye uyilo lobunzima obuchaseneyo luthintela ukujika (njengezixhobo zobunzima ezifakwe ngasemva kwii-excavators zemigodi).
- Uyilo oluchasene nokungcangcazela: Ukungabi namandla ngexesha lokusila ibhuleki ithintelwa yi-undercarriage, nto leyo enciphisa impembelelo yesakhiwo.
4. Ulwandiso olunemisebenzi emininzi
- Iindlela zokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza: I-chassis yokutshixa ivumela ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezincamathiselweyo (ezifana neehammer ze-hydraulic, ii-grabs, njl.njl.), ukuze zilungelelaniswe neemeko ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kweZixhobo eziNcedisayo: Ezifana nemigca ye-hydraulic ejikelezayo, izincamathiselo ezixhasayo ezifuna ukujikeleza okuqhubekayo (ezifana nee-augers).
III. Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yokusetyenziswa
1. Iindawo zokwakha
- Ukugqiba imisebenzi emininzi efana nokumba, ukulayisha, kunye nokulinganisa kwindawo encinci, ukuphepha ukuhamba rhoqo kwe-chassis kunye nokungqubana nemiqobo.
2. Ukwemba imigodi
- Ii-excavator ezinkulu ezine-chassis yokushefa enamandla aphezulu ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nokwembiwa okunzima kunye nokujikeleza okuqhubekayo ixesha elide.
3. Uhlangulo oluNgxamisekileyo
- Ukucheba ngokukhawuleza ukulungisa indlela yokusebenza, kudityaniswe nokubanjwa okanye ukucheba ukuze kususwe inkunkuma.
4. Ezolimo kunye namahlathi
- Isithuthi esijikelezayo esingaphantsi kwesithuthi senza kube lula ukubamba nokubeka iinkuni okanye ukumba nzulu imigodi yemithi.
IV. Iindlela zoPhuhliso lweTekhnoloji
1. Ulawulo olujikelezayo olukrelekrele
- Ukubeka esweni i-engile ejikelezayo kunye nesantya nge-IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), ngokuzenzekelayo kuthintela izenzo eziyingozi (ezifana nokusika kwiindawo ezithe tyaba).
2. Inkqubo yokujikelezisa amandla eHybrid
- Iimoto ezijikelezayo zombane zibuyisela amandla okubhuleka, zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli (njengeKomatsu HB365 hybrid excavator).
3. Ibhalansi yoBulula kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide
- Ukusebenzisa intsimbi enamandla okanye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ukunciphisa ubunzima besithuthi esingaphantsi kwenqwelo ngelixa kulungiswa ukutywinwa kweebheringi ezijikelezayo (ezingenathuli, ezingangeni manzi).
V. Iindawo Zokugcina
- Ukuthambisa rhoqo kwe-rotary bearing: Kuthintela ukuguguleka kwendlela yokugijima okubangela ingxolo okanye ukungcangcazela phantsi kwesithuthi.
- Jonga ukulayisha kwangaphambili kwebholiti: Ukukhululeka kweebholiti ezidibanisa i-slewing bearing kunye ne-chassis kunokubangela iingozi zesakhiwo.
- Jonga ucoceko lweoyile ye-hydraulic: Ungcoliseko lunokukhokelela kumonakalo wenjini ejikelezayo kwaye luchaphazele ukusebenza kokuqhuba kwesithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi.
Isishwankathelo
Itshasi yesithuthi esingaphantsi komhlaba enendlela ejikelezayo luyilo olwahlukileyo oluhlukanisa ii-excavators kwezinye izixhobo zokwakha. Ngokusebenzisa indlela "yesithuthi esingaphantsi komhlaba esizinzileyo kunye nomzimba ongaphezulu ojikelezayo", ifikelela kwindlela yokusebenza esebenzayo, eguquguqukayo nekhuselekileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokungena kombane kunye neetekhnoloji ezikrelekrele, isithuthi esingaphantsi komhlaba esijikelezayo siya kuqhubela phambili ekugcinweni kwamandla, ukuchaneka kunye nokuqina, sibe likhonkco eliphambili ekuphuculweni kwetekhnoloji yee-excavators.