Ngokukhula kwesidingo socwaningo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezenhlalakahle ngabantu, umsebenzi omningi udinga ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze kuhlolwe, kucwaningwe futhi kukhishwe izinsiza. Ngakho-ke, isidingo semishini ekhethekile asikaze sibe esiphuthuma kakhulu. Inqola yangaphansi yomshini efanelekile ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi iletha ukunethezeka okukhulu emsebenzini wangaphansi kwamanzi. Izidingo zedizayini zale nqola yangaphansi yesiseshi ziphakeme nakanjani kunalezo zenqola yangaphansi evamile yokukhasa. Kumelwe babhekane nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ezilethwa indawo engaphansi kwamanzi, okuhlanganisa umfutho ophezulu, amanzi anosawoti abolayo, kanye nesidingo sokusebenza okuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Ake sixoxe ngezidingo eziyisisekelo zedizayini zokuthwala ngaphansi kwemishini efanele ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi:
Indawo engaphansi kwamanzi ibeka izinselelo ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-chassis.
Ubunkimbinkimbi bendawo yokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi bubeka izidingo eziphakeme ekwakhiweni kwenqola yangaphansi. Izidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:
1. Ukumelana nokucindezela: Njengoba ukujula kukhula, kanjalo nomfutho wamanzi uyakhula. Idizayini yenqola yangaphansi eyimishini kufanele ikwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu asetshenziswa amanzi ekujuleni okuhlukene, okungase kudlule amakhulu ambalwa womkhathi.
2. Ukumelana nokugqwala: Amanzi anosawoti agqwala kakhulu. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa i-undercarriage engaphansi kwamanzi kumele zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwazo nokuthembeka. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezingubo ezikhethekile noma izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukuze zimelane nokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinokhahlo.
3. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa: Izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwamanzi lingahluka kakhulu, lithinte ukusebenza kwezinto kanye nezingxenye. Idizayini yenqola yangaphansi kufanele ikwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo kulo lonke uhla lwamazinga okushisa, kusukela ekujuleni okubandayo kolwandle kuya endaweni efudumele.
4. Ukubekwa uphawu nokuvikela: Ukungena kwamanzi kungaholela ekuhlulekeni okuyinhlekelele kwezinhlelo zemishini. Ngakho-ke, isixazululo esisebenzayo sokuvala sibalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe izingxenye ezibucayi emonakalweni wamanzi.
Ukuklama ngokwezifiso nokukhiqiza
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni inqola yangaphansi eyimishini yokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi isidingo sokuklama okwenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokukhiqizwa okusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile. Izixazululo zedizayini ezingaphandle kweshelufu ngokuvamile ziyehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile zangaphansi kwamanzi. Ukwenza ngendlela oyifisayo akuhlanganisi kuphela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwemisebenzi ethembekile yokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisiwe esekelwe endaweni yangempela ihlanganisa:
1. Ubukhulu nokuma: Inqola yangaphansi kufanele yakhelwe ukuthi ilingane nobukhulu obuthile kanye nezidingo zokuthwala isisindo zempahla ezoyigcina. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukudala idizayini ehlangene ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana kuyilapho kwandiswa isikhala sangaphakathi sezingxenye.
2. I-Modular Design: Indlela ye-modular yenza kube lula ukuthuthukiswa nokugcinwa kwenqola yangaphansi. Ngokuklama inqola yangaphansi enezingxenye ezishintshashintshayo, opharetha bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimfuneko ezishintshayo noma bashintshe izingxenye ezilimele ngaphandle kokudizayina kabusha ngokuphelele.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezobuchwepheshe: Njengoba ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi kuya ngokuya kuncika kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, inqola yangaphansi kufanele ifake izinzwa ezihlukahlukene, amakhamera, nemishini yokuxhumana. Idizayini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ingaqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganiswe ngaphandle komthungo ku-chassis ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo.
Izimfuneko eziphezulu zokukhetha izinto ezibonakalayo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuthuthwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza nokuqina kwayo. Izinto ezilandelayo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezifanele ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi:
Ama-alloys e-Titanium: Ayaziwa ngesilinganiso sawo esivelele samandla-to-weight kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ama-alloys e-titanium avame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisebenza kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi. Bangakwazi ukumelana nokucindezela okukhulu futhi abajwayele ukukhathala, okubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kokusebenza ekujuleni kolwandle.
2. Insimbi engagqwali: Nakuba ingelula njenge-titanium, insimbi engagqwali inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa lapho izindleko zikhathaza khona. Insimbi engagqwali yezinga eliphezulu, efana ne-316L, isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle.
3. Ama-alloys e-Aluminium: Isisindo esilula futhi amelana nokugqwala, ama-alloys e-aluminium avame ukusetshenziselwa i-chassis engaphansi kwamanzi. Nokho, kufanele ziphathwe ngezingubo zokuzivikela ukuze ziqinise ukuqina kwazo emanzini anosawoti.
4. Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe: Izinto ezithuthukisiwe eziyinhlanganisela, njenge-carbon fibre reinforced polymers, zinikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-lightweight namandla aphezulu. Lezi zinto zingakhiwa ukuze zibe namandla acindezelayo amahle kakhulu nokumelana nokugqwala, kuzenze zifanelekele ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuvalwa kwengxenye
Ukuvalwa okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungena kwamanzi nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwezinhlelo zemishini ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Idizayini ye-undercarriage kumele ihlanganise nezixazululo ezahlukahlukene zokuvala, kufaka phakathi:
1. Ama-O-rings nama-gaskets: Lokhu kubalulekile ekudaleni izimpawu ezingangeni manzi phakathi kwezingxenye. Ama-elastomer ekhwalithi ephezulu akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nezingcindezi kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa impilo ende yesevisi.
2. Ama-Potting compounds: Ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi, izinhlanganisela ze-potting zinganikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi. Lezi zinhlanganisela zihlanganisa izingxenye, zakha umgoqo wokuvimbela ukulimala komswakama.
3. Amavalvu okulinganisa umfutho: Lawa mavalvu angakwazi ukulinganisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi ku-chassis futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwama-vacuum seal angaholela ekuhlulekeni kwesakhiwo. Abaluleke kakhulu ekujuleni kolwandle lapho ukuhluka kwengcindezi kungaba okubalulekile.
Isiphetho
Ukuklanywa nokukhiqizwa kwemishini yangaphansi kwemishini efanele ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinselele eziyingqayizivele ezibangelwa imvelo yasolwandle. Idizayini eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukukhethwa kwempahla yekhwalithi ephezulu, nezixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuvala kuyizici ezibalulekile ze-chassis ephumelelayo engaphansi kwamanzi. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokuhlola ukujula kolwandle, isidingo se-chassis eyimishini emisha futhi enokwethenjelwa sizokhula kuphela. Ngokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo zokuklama, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi bavule indlela yentuthuko ekuhloleni, ucwaningo, nokukhipha izinsiza.
Sengiphetha, ikusasa lokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi lincike ekhonweni lokukhiqiza inqola yangaphansi eyimishini eqinile, ethembekile futhi ephumelelayo ekwazi ukumelana nezimo ezinzima zolwandle. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela, amandla okuqamba izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha makhulu, kuletha okulindelwe okujabulisayo ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezobuchwepheshe ngaphansi kwamanzi.