Umklamo wesitimela esingaphansi kwemoto osuqanjiwe omusha wokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi, ohlangabezana nezidingo zezindawo ezijulile zolwandle

Indawo engaphansi kwamanzi ibeka izinselele ezinkulu ekwakhiweni kwe-chassis.

Ubunzima bendawo yokusebenza engaphansi kwamanzi bubeka izidingo eziphezulu ekwakhiweni kwenqola engaphansi komhlaba. Izidingo ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

1. Ukumelana nokucindezela: Njengoba ukujula kukhuphuka, nokucindezela kwamanzi kuyakhula. Umklamo wenqola engaphansi komshini kumele ukwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu akhishwa amanzi ekujuleni okuhlukene, angadlula amakhulu amaningana emimoya.

2. Ukumelana nokugqwala: Amanzi anosawoti agqwala kakhulu. Izinto ezisetshenziselwa inqola engaphansi kwamanzi kumele zingagqwali ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala isikhathi eside futhi inokwethenjelwa. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwezimbozo ezikhethekile noma izinto ukuze kumelane nokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni zasolwandle ezinzima.

3. Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa: Izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwamanzi lingahluka kakhulu, okuthinta ukusebenza kwezinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye. Ukwakheka kwenqola engaphansi komhlaba kumele kukwazi ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushisa, kusukela ekujuleni okubandayo kolwandle kuya endaweni efudumele.

4. Ukuvala Nokuvikela: Ukungena kwamanzi kungaholela ekwehlulekeni okukhulu kwezinhlelo zemishini. Ngakho-ke, ikhambi eliphumelelayo lokuvala libalulekile ekuvikeleni izingxenye ezibucayi ekulimaleni kwamanzi.

Umklamo kanye nokukhiqiza ngokwezifiso

Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-mechanical undercarriage yokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi yisidingo sokuklama nokukhiqiza okwenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokusekelwe ezidingweni ezithile. Izixazululo zokuklama ezitholakala ngaphandle kweshelufu zivame ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukwenza ngokwezifiso akubandakanyi nje kuphela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwemisebenzi yokusebenza ethembekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi kakhulu. Imisebenzi ehlanganisiwe eklanyelwe ngokusekelwe endaweni yangempela ifaka:

1. Ubukhulu kanye nesimo: Isihlalo esingaphansi kwenqola kumele sakhiwe ukuze sivumelane nobukhulu obuthile kanye nezidingo zokuthwala isisindo semishini esizoyibeka. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukudala umklamo omncane ukuze kuncishiswe ukumelana ngenkathi kwandiswa isikhala sangaphakathi sezingxenye.

2. Umklamo We-Modular: Indlela ye-modular yenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa nokunakekela i-undercarriage. Ngokuklama i-undercarriage enezingxenye ezishintshaniswayo, opharetha bangazivumelanisa ngokushesha nezidingo ezishintshayo noma bashintshe izingxenye ezonakele ngaphandle kokudinga ukuklanywa kabusha ngokuphelele.

3. Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Njengoba imisebenzi engaphansi kwamanzi incika kakhulu kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, inqola engaphansi komhlaba kumele ifake izinzwa ezahlukahlukene, amakhamera, namadivayisi okuxhumana. Umklamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso ungaqinisekisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganiswa kahle ne-chassis ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubuqotho bayo besakhiwo.

Izidingo eziphezulu zokukhetha izinto

Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha isikebhe esingaphansi kwamanzi kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ngqo ukusebenza kwaso kanye nokuqina kwaso. Izinto ezilandelayo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezifanele ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwamanzi:

Ama-alloy e-titanium: Adume ngesilinganiso sawo esivelele samandla nesisindo kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, ama-alloy e-titanium avame ukusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwamanzi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Angamelana nengcindezi enkulu futhi awakhathali, okwenza abe ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokusebenza olwandle olujulile.

2. Insimbi engagqwali: Nakuba ingeyona elula njenge-titanium, insimbi engagqwali inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni lapho izindleko ziyinkinga khona. Insimbi engagqwali yezinga eliphezulu, njenge-316L, isebenza kahle kakhulu ezindaweni zasolwandle.

3. Ama-alloy e-aluminium: Alula ngesisindo futhi amelana nokugqwala, ama-alloy e-aluminium avame ukusetshenziselwa i-chassis engaphansi kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, kumele aphathwe ngezingubo zokuzivikela ukuze aqinise ukuqina kwawo emanzini anosawoti.

4. Izinto Ezihlanganisiwe: Izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezithuthukisiwe, njenge-carbon fiber eqinisiwe polymers, zinikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamandla alula naphezulu. Lezi zinto zingaklanywa ukuze zibe namandla amahle kakhulu okucindezela kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okwenza zifaneleke ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Ukusebenza kahle kokuvala izingxenye

Ukuvala okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukungena kwamanzi nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo zemishini ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Umklamo wenqola engaphansi komhlaba kumele uhlanganise izixazululo ezahlukene zokuvala, okuhlanganisa:

1. Ama-O-rings nama-gasket: Lokhu kubalulekile ekudaleni izivalo ezingangeni manzi phakathi kwezingxenye. Ama-elastomer asezingeni eliphezulu angamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka kufanele asetshenziswe ukuqinisekisa impilo yenkonzo ende.

2. Amakhemikhali okufaka izimbiza: Ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ezibucayi, amakhemikhali okufaka izimbiza anganikeza ungqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikela ukuvimbela ukungena kwamanzi. Lawa makhemikhali ahlanganisa izingxenye, akha isithiyo sokuvimbela ukulimala komswakama.

3. Amavalvu okulinganisela ukucindezela: Lawa mavalvu angalinganisa ukucindezela ngaphakathi kweshasi futhi avimbele ukwakheka kwezivalo ze-vacuum ezingaholela ekwahlulekeni kwesakhiwo. Abaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kolwandle olujulile lapho ukushintshashintsha kokucindezela kungaba okuphawulekayo.

Isiphetho
Ukuklama nokukhiqizwa kwenqola engaphansi kwemishini efanelekela imisebenzi engaphansi kwamanzi kudinga ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinselele ezihlukile ezibangelwa indawo yasolwandle. Umklamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nezixazululo zokuvala ezisebenzayo kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zenqola engaphansi kwamanzi ephumelelayo. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokuhlola ukujula kolwandle, isidingo senqola engaphansi kwamanzi emisha nethembekile sizokhula kuphela. Ngokuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo zokuklama, abakhiqizi bangaqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yabo ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi bavule indlela yokuthuthuka ekuhloleni, ocwaningweni, kanye nasekukhishweni kwezinsiza.

Ekuphetheni, ikusasa lemisebenzi engaphansi kwamanzi lincike ekhonweni lokukhiqiza imikhumbi engaphansi komhlaba eqinile, ethembekile nephumelelayo engamelana nezimo ezinzima zolwandle olujulile. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela, amathuba okusungula izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha makhulu, okuletha amathemba ajabulisayo okuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezobuchwepheshe ongaphansi kwamanzi.