Foni:
Imelo:
Mu gawo la uinjiniya ndi zomangamanga lomwe likusintha nthawi zonse, pamene mapulojekiti akuchulukirachulukira komanso malo ovuta, pakufunika magalimoto apadera oyendera bwino komanso odalirika omwe amatha kuyenda m'malo awa. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri m'munda uno ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magalimoto oyenda pansi pa galimoto yoyendera yomanga.
Kumvetsetsa njira yoyendera pansi pa galimoto
Galimoto yoyendera pansi pa njanji, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti galimoto yoyendera, imagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka njanji kosalekeza m'malo mwa mawilo achikhalidwe. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola malo akuluakulu ogundana ndi nthaka, zomwe zimagawa kulemera kwa galimotoyo mofanana. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, galimoto yoyendera pansi imatha kudutsa m'malo ofewa, osalinganika, kapena ovuta omwe nthawi zambiri amalepheretsa magalimoto okhala ndi mawilo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zomangamanga, migodi, ulimi, ndi ntchito zankhondo.
Ubwino wa galimoto yoyendetsedwa pansi pa galimoto
1. Kugwira bwino ntchito komanso kukhazikika: Njira yopitilira imapereka mphamvu yogwira bwino ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti galimoto iyende pamalo oterera kapena otayirira popanda chiopsezo chotsekeka. Izi zimathandiza kwambiri m'malo amatope, mchenga kapena chipale chofewa.
2. Chepetsani kuthamanga kwa nthaka: Galimoto yoyendetsedwa pansi pa galimoto imagawa kulemera kwa galimotoyo pamalo akuluakulu, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa nthaka. Izi zimachepetsa kupsinjika kwa nthaka komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo ovuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri cha malo omangira ndi malo okhala zachilengedwe.
3. Kuonjezera mphamvu yonyamulira katundu: Galimoto yonyamulira katundu pansi pa galimotoyo imapangidwa kuti inyamule katundu wolemera ndipo ndi yoyenera kunyamula zipangizo zomangira, makina olemera ndi zida. Kapangidwe kake kolimba kamatsimikizira kuti amatha kugwira ntchito zovuta zaukadaulo.
4. Kusinthasintha: Galimoto yoyendera pansi pa galimoto yofanana ndi njanji imatha kusintha malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana chifukwa chokhala ndi zolumikizira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumawathandiza kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira kunyamula zinthu mpaka kugwira ntchito ngati ma crane oyenda kapena ma excavator.
5. Kutha kuyenda m'malo onse: Chimodzi mwa zabwino kwambiri za galimoto zoyenda pansi pa galimoto zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi luso lawo loyenda m'malo ovuta. Kaya ndi malo otsetsereka, malo amiyala kapena malo okhala ndi madambo, magalimoto amenewa amatha kuyenda bwino kuposa momwe magalimoto akale sangathe.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mayendedwe a Uinjiniya
Kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yoyendera pansi pa galimoto yotsatiridwa m'magalimoto oyendera uinjiniya kumakhudza mafakitale ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
1. Mu makampani omanga, magalimoto oyenda pansi pa galimoto omwe amatsatiridwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magalimoto osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma bulldozer, ma excavator ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu. Ma chassis otsatiridwa amadziwika bwino m'malo omanga chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zonyamula katundu wambiri komanso kuthekera kwawo kuzolowera malo ovuta.
2. Makampani Ogulitsa Migodi: Makampani opanga migodi amadalira kwambiri sitima yapansi panthaka yoyendera miyala, zida ndi antchito, ndipo amadziwika kuti amagwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu komanso amanyamula.
3. Ulimi: Mu ulimi, mathirakitala okwawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito polima, kulima ndi kunyamula mbewu. Mathirakitala okwawa amatha kugwira ntchito pa nthaka yofewa popanda kupangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yolimba, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino komanso kuti zokolola ziwonjezeke bwino.
4. Asilikali ndi Chitetezo: Magalimoto oyenda pansi pa galimoto omwe amatsatiridwa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pankhondo. Magalimoto monga matanki ndi zonyamulira zankhondo amagwiritsa ntchito chassis yotsatiridwa kuti apititse patsogolo kuyenda m'malo osiyanasiyana. Kulimba kwawo ndi kukhazikika kwawo ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta.
5. Kuthandiza ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu pakagwa tsoka: Chitsulo chotsatidwa chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kunyamula zinthu, zida ndi antchito kupita kumadera omwe akhudzidwa ndi tsoka. Chitsulo chotsatidwa chimatha kudutsa m'malo odzaza ndi zinyalala kapena madera omwe madzi anasefukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chuma chamtengo wapatali pantchito yothandiza anthu mwadzidzidzi.
Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo
Ukadaulo wapamwamba waphatikizidwa mu galimoto yoyendetsedwa pansi pa galimoto, zomwe zikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito ake. Zatsopano monga GPS navigation, remote control operation, ndi automation systems zathandiza kuti kayendetsedwe kake kakhale kogwira ntchito bwino komanso kotetezeka. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa GPS umalola kuyenda molondola m'malo ovuta, pomwe remote control systems zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kuyendetsa magalimoto patali, makamaka m'malo oopsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupita patsogolo kwachitika pakupanga magalimoto oyendera pansi pa galimoto ya hybrid ndi yamagetsi. Njira zina zotetezera chilengedwe izi zimachepetsa utsi woipa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kukakamiza kwapadziko lonse lapansi kuti pakhale njira zokhazikika mu uinjiniya ndi zomangamanga.