Foni:
Imelo:
Chitsulo chapansi pa galimoto chokhala ndi chipangizo chozungulirandi imodzi mwa mapangidwe ofunikira a ofukula kuti agwire ntchito moyenera komanso mosinthasintha. Imaphatikiza chipangizo chapamwamba chogwirira ntchito (boom, stick, backet, etc.) ndi makina oyendera otsika (track kapena matayala) ndipo imalola kuzungulira kwa 360° kudzera mu slewing bearing ndi drive system, motero imakulitsa kwambiri magwiridwe antchito. Izi ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane kwa ntchito zake ndi zabwino zake:
I. Kapangidwe ka Kapangidwe ka Chikwama chapansi pa galimoto chozungulira
1. Kuzungulira
- Ma bearing akuluakulu a mpira kapena ma roller omwe amalumikiza chimango chapamwamba (gawo lozungulira) ndi chimango chapansi (chassis), mphamvu zonyamula axial, radial, ndi nthawi zotembenuza.
- Mitundu yodziwika bwino: mabearing a mpira wolumikizana ndi mfundo zinayi okhala ndi mzere umodzi (wopepuka), mabearing ozungulira ozungulira (olemera kwambiri).
2. Dongosolo Loyendetsa Lozungulira
- Mota ya hydraulic: imayendetsa giya yozungulira kudzera mu chochepetsera kuti ikwaniritse kuzungulira kosalala (njira yayikulu).
- Injini yamagetsi: imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma excavator amagetsi, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa ma hydraulic ndikupereka yankho mwachangu.
3. Kapangidwe ka Magalimoto Olimbitsa Thupi la Pansi pa Galimoto
- Chitsulo cholimba cha pansi pa galimoto kuti chitsimikizire kulimba kwa torsional ndi kukhazikika panthawi yocheka.
- Galimoto yoyendera pansi pa galimoto nthawi zambiri imafuna njira yoyezera njanji yokulirapo, pomwe chassis yamtundu wa tayala imafunika kukhala ndi ma hydraulic outriggers kuti igwirizane ndi nthawi yoyezera slewing.
II. Zosintha Zofunika Kwambiri pa Kugwira Ntchito kwa Ofukula Mabwinja
1. Kusinthasintha kwa Ntchito
- 360° Ntchito Yopanda Cholepheretsa: Palibe chifukwa chosuntha chassis kuti iphimbe madera onse ozungulira, yoyenera malo opapatiza (monga kumanga mizinda, kufukula mapaipi).
- Kuyika Malo Molondola: Kulamulira kwa ma valavu ofanana ndi liwiro la slewing kumathandiza kuti chidebe chiyike pamalo ofanana ndi mamilimita (monga kumalizitsa dzenje la maziko).
2. Kukonza Bwino Ntchito
- Kuchepa kwa Kuyenda: Makina osungiramo zinthu zakale okhala ndi manja okhazikika amafunika kusintha malo pafupipafupi, pomwe choyimitsa chozungulira pansi pa galimoto chimatha kusintha mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito pozungulira, zomwe zimapulumutsa nthawi.
- Zochita Zogwirizana: Kulamulira kulumikizana kwa Slewing ndi boom/stick (monga zochita za "swinging") kumawonjezera magwiridwe antchito a kuzungulira.
3. Kukhazikika ndi Chitetezo
- Malo Oyang'anira Mphamvu Yokoka: Katundu wosinthasintha panthawi yosoka amagawidwa kudzera pansi pa galimoto, ndipo kapangidwe kake ka counterweight kamaletsa kupindika (monga counterweights zoyimitsidwa kumbuyo pa ma excavator a migodi).
- Kapangidwe ka Anti-vibration: Kulephera kugwira ntchito panthawi yopukutira slewing kumatetezedwa ndi pansi pa galimoto, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwedezeka kwa kapangidwe ka galimoto.
4. Kukulitsa kwa ntchito zambiri
- Ma Interface Osintha Mwachangu: Chitsulo chodulira chimalola kusintha mwachangu zinthu zosiyanasiyana (monga nyundo za hydraulic, grab, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zimasintha malinga ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana.
- Kuphatikiza Zipangizo Zothandizira: Monga mizere yozungulira ya hydraulic, zothandizira zomwe zimafuna kuzungulira kosalekeza (monga ma auger).
III. Zochitika Zachizolowezi Zogwiritsira Ntchito
1. Malo Omanga
- Kumaliza ntchito zambiri monga kufukula, kunyamula katundu, ndi kukweza malo otsetsereka mkati mwa malo ochepa, kupewa kuyenda pafupipafupi kwa chassis ndi kugundana ndi zopinga.
2. Kukumba migodi
- Ma excavator akuluakulu okhala ndi chassis yolimba kwambiri yolimba kuti athe kupirira kufukula katundu wolemera komanso kuzungulira kosalekeza kwa nthawi yayitali.
3. Kupulumutsa Anthu Mwadzidzidzi
- Kudula mwachangu kuti musinthe njira yogwirira ntchito, kuphatikiza ndi zingwe zogwirira kapena zodulira kuti muchotse zinyalala.
4. Ulimi ndi Nkhalango
- Chidebe chozungulira pansi pa galimoto chimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kugwira ndi kuyika matabwa kapena kukumba mabowo a mitengo mozama.
IV. Zochitika pa Chitukuko cha Ukadaulo
1. Kulamulira kwanzeru kwa Rotary
- Kuyang'anira ngodya yozungulira ndi liwiro kudzera mu IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), kuletsa zochita zoopsa zokha (monga kupalasa matabwa pamalo otsetsereka).
2. Dongosolo Lozungulira Mphamvu Yophatikizana
- Ma mota ozungulira amagetsi amabwezeretsa mphamvu ya mabuleki, zomwe zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta (monga Komatsu HB365 hybrid excavator).
3. Kulinganiza kwa Kulemera Kopepuka ndi Kulimba
- Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri kapena zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti muchepetse kulemera kwa galimoto yanu pansi pa galimoto yanu komanso kukonza kutsekeka kwa ma bearing (osapsa ndi fumbi, osalowa madzi).
V. Malo Okonzera
- Kupaka mafuta nthawi zonse pa bearing yozungulira: Kumaletsa kuwonongeka kwa msewu wa raceway komwe kumayambitsa phokoso kapena kugwedezeka kwa pansi pa galimoto.
- Yang'anani momwe bolt imagwirira ntchito: Kutsegula mabolt olumikiza slewing bearing ndi chassis kungayambitse zoopsa pakupanga kwake.
- Yang'anirani ukhondo wa mafuta a hydraulic: Kuipitsidwa kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa injini yozungulira ndikukhudza magwiridwe antchito a galimoto yoyendetsedwa pansi pa galimoto.
Chidule
Chitsulo choyendetsera galimoto pansi pa galimoto chokhala ndi makina ozungulira ndi kapangidwe kake kapadera komwe kamasiyanitsa makina ogwirira ntchito ndi makina ena omanga. Kudzera mu njira ya "chitsulo chokhazikika pansi pa galimoto ndi thupi lozungulira lapamwamba", chimapeza njira yogwirira ntchito yogwira ntchito bwino, yosinthasintha komanso yotetezeka. M'tsogolomu, ndi kulowa kwa magetsi ndi ukadaulo wanzeru, chitsulo chozungulira pansi pa galimoto chidzakula kwambiri kuti chisunge mphamvu, kulondola komanso kulimba, kukhala cholumikizira chachikulu pakukweza ukadaulo wa makina ogwirira ntchito.