Terefone:
Imeri:
Kubera ko abantu barushaho gukenera ubushakashatsi no gukoresha umutungo kamere, hakenewe akazi kenshi mu mazi kugira ngo hakorwe ubushakashatsi, ubushakashatsi no gucukura umutungo. Kubwibyo, gukenera imashini zihariye ntibyigeze biba ibyihutirwa cyane. Imashini zikoresha imashini zikoreshwa mu mazi zikoreshwa mu mazi zituma imirimo yo munsi y’amazi yoroha cyane. Ibisabwa mu miterere y’iyi mashini zikoreshwa mu mazi ziruta cyane ibyo mu mazi zisanzwe zikoresha. Zigomba gukemura ibibazo byihariye bituruka ku bidukikije byo munsi y’amazi, harimo umuvuduko mwinshi, amazi y’umunyu yangiza, no gukenera imikorere yizewe mu bihe bikomeye. Reka turebere hamwe ibisabwa mu miterere y’imashini zikoreshwa mu mazi zikoreshwa mu mazi:
Ibidukikije byo munsi y'amazi bitera imbogamizi zikomeye ku miterere y'imashini zitwara imizigo.
Uburyo imiterere y'ahantu ho gukorera munsi y'amazi irushaho kuba ikomeye, bituma hakenerwa cyane igishushanyo mbonera cy'imodoka zo munsi y'ubutaka. Ibisabwa by'ingenzi birimo:
1. Ubudahangarwa bw'umuvuduko: Uko ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera, ni ko n'umuvuduko w'amazi ugenda wiyongera. Imiterere y'imashini yo munsi y'ubutaka igomba kuba ishobora kwihanganira imbaraga zikomeye zikoreshwa n'amazi ku bujyakuzimu butandukanye, zishobora kurenza amagana y'ikirere.
2. Kurwanya ingese: Amazi y'umunyu arangiza cyane. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu munsi y'amazi bigomba kuba birwanya ingese kugira ngo birambe kandi byizerwa. Ibi bisaba gukoresha irangi cyangwa ibikoresho byihariye kugira ngo bishobore kwihanganira ibidukikije bibi byo mu mazi igihe kirekire.
3. Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwo munsi y'amazi bushobora gutandukana cyane, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibikoresho n'ibice byabyo. Imiterere y'igare ryo munsi y'ubwato igomba kuba ishoboye gukora neza mu bushyuhe butandukanye, kuva mu bukonje bw'inyanja kugeza ku buso bushyushye.
4. Gufunga no Kurinda: Kwinjira mu mazi bishobora gutuma sisitemu za mekanike zinanirwa cyane. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gufunga neza ni ingenzi mu kurinda ibice by’ingenzi kwangirika kw’amazi.
Igishushanyo mbonera n'umusaruro byihariye
Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu guteza imbere uburyo bwo gukanika munsi y'amazi mu bikorwa byo munsi y'amazi ni ugukenera igishushanyo mbonera n'umusaruro byihariye hashingiwe ku bisabwa byihariye. Ibisubizo by'imiterere y'amazi bidakunze kugaragara ntibihura n'ibyo umuntu akeneye mu buryo bwihariye bwo gukoresha mu mazi. Guhindura imiterere y'amazi ntibikubiyemo gusa kuzuza ibisabwa by'ibanze ahubwo binatuma habaho imikorere yizewe mu bihe bikomeye. Imirimo ihujwe ishingiye ku bidukikije ikubiyemo:
1. Ingano n'imiterere: Igice cyo munsi y'ikinyabiziga kigomba kuba gishushanyijeho ingano n'ibikenewe mu gutwara ibikoresho bizashyirwamo. Ibi bishobora gusaba gukora igishushanyo mbonera gito kugira ngo kigabanye ubukana mu gihe cyongerera umwanya imbere mu bikoresho.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Modular: Uburyo bwa Modular butuma byoroha kuvugurura no kubungabunga icyuma cyo munsi y'imodoka. Mu gushushanya icyuma cyo munsi y'imodoka gifite ibice bishobora guhindurwa, abayikoresha bashobora kwihutisha guhindura ibisabwa cyangwa gusimbuza ibice byangiritse batagombye kongera kuvugurura burundu.
3. Guhuza ikoranabuhanga: Kubera ko ibikorwa byo munsi y'amazi bikomeje kwishingikiriza ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, igice cyo munsi y'imodoka kigomba gushyiramo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo mu mutwe, kamera, n'ibikoresho by'itumanaho. Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye gishobora kwemeza ko ubwo ikoranabuhanga bwinjijwe neza muri chassis nta kwangiza imiterere yayo.
Ibisabwa cyane mu guhitamo ibikoresho
Guhitamo ibikoresho byo mu mazi ni ikintu cy'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo no kuramba kwabyo. Ibikoresho bikurikira muri rusange bifatwa nk'ibikwiriye gukoreshwa mu mazi:
Aloyi za Titanium: Zizwiho kuba zifite imbaraga nyinshi mu gupima uburemere no kurwanya ingese, aloyi za Titanium zikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo munsi y'amazi. Zishobora kwihanganira igitutu gikomeye kandi ntizikunda kunanirwa, bigatuma ziba amahitamo meza yo gukora mu nyanja nini.
2. Icyuma kidashonga: Nubwo kitari cyoroshye nka titaniyumu, icyuma kidashonga gifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese kandi gikunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa aho ikiguzi ari cyo. Icyuma kidashonga cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nka 316L, gikora neza cyane mu bidukikije byo mu mazi.
3. Aloyi za aluminiyumu: Zoroshye kandi zirwanya ingese, aloyi za aluminiyumu zikunze gukoreshwa mu gupfuka munsi y'amazi. Ariko, zigomba guterwa n'udupira two kuzirinda kugira ngo zongere igihe cyazo mu mazi y'umunyu.
4. Ibikoresho Bivanze: Ibikoresho bivanze bigezweho, nka polimeri zikonjeshejwe za fibre ya karuboni, bitanga uruvange rudasanzwe rw'imbaraga zoroshye n'izikomeye. Ibi bikoresho bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo bigire imbaraga nziza zo gukanda no kurwanya ingese, bigatuma bikoreshwa mu buryo bwihariye munsi y'amazi.
Imikorere myiza yo gufunga ibice
Gufunga neza ni ingenzi mu gukumira kwinjira kw'amazi no kwemeza ko sisitemu za mekanike zo munsi y'amazi zizewe. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'aho ubwato buherereye kigomba kuba gikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gufunga, harimo:
1. Impeta za O-rings na gaskets: Ibi ni ingenzi mu gukora imitako idafata amazi hagati y'ibice. Elastomer nziza cyane zishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije n'umuvuduko w'ingufu zigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo zirambe igihe kirekire.
2. Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni: Ku bice by'ikoranabuhanga byoroheje, ibikoresho byo mu gikoni bishobora gutanga ubundi buryo bwo kurinda amazi kwinjira. Ibi bikoresho bitwikira ibice, bigatuma habaho uruzitiro rwo kwirinda kwangirika k'ubushuhe.
3. Vali zo kuringaniza umuvuduko: Izi vali zishobora kuringaniza umuvuduko uri muri chassis no gukumira ikorwa ry'udupfundikizo tw'umwuka dushobora gutuma inyubako igwa nabi. Ni ingenzi cyane mu bikorwa byo mu nyanja aho ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko rishobora kuba rikomeye.
Umwanzuro
Gushushanya no gukora imashini zikoreshwa munsi y’amazi zikoreshwa mu bikorwa byo munsi y’amazi bisaba gusobanukirwa neza imbogamizi zidasanzwe ziterwa n’ibidukikije byo mu mazi. Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye, guhitamo ibikoresho byiza, no gufunga neza ni bimwe mu bigize chassis yo munsi y’amazi ikora neza. Uko inganda zikomeza gushakisha mu bujyakuzimu bw’inyanja, icyifuzo cy’imashini zikoresha uburyo bushya kandi bwizewe kiziyongera gusa. Mu kuzuza ibi bisabwa mu gushushanya, abakora bashobora kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ibisabwa mu bikorwa byo munsi y’amazi kandi bagategura inzira yo gutera imbere mu bushakashatsi, ubushakashatsi, no gucukura umutungo.
Mu gusoza, ahazaza h’ibikorwa byo munsi y’amazi hashingiye ku bushobozi bwo gukora ubwato bunini, bwizewe kandi bukora neza bushobora kwihanganira imimerere mibi yo mu nyanja. Hamwe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho n’ubwubatsi, amahirwe yo guhanga udushya muri uru rwego ni menshi, bitanga icyizere gishimishije ku iterambere ry’inganda zikora ikoranabuhanga ryo munsi y’amazi.