Amaphuzu abalulekile ekwakhiweni kweshasi yemoto engaphansi kwemoto esindayo

I. Izidingo Zomklamo Oyinhloko

1. Amandla Nokuqina Kwesakhiwo
**Ukuhlaziywa Komthwalo: Kuyadingeka ukubala imithwalo engaguquki (isisindo semishini, umthamo womthwalo), imithwalo enamandla (ukudlidliza, ukushaqeka), kanye nemithwalo yokusebenza (amandla okumba, amandla okudonsa, njll.) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-chassis ayiguquki noma iqhekeke ngepulasitiki ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu.
**Ukukhethwa Kwezinto: Insimbi enamandla amakhulu (njenge-Q345, Q460), ama-alloy akhethekile, noma izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe kufanele zisetshenziswe, kucatshangelwa amandla okunamathela, ukumelana nokukhathala, kanye nokusebenza kahle komshini.
**Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo: Qinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka ngokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezilinganiselwe (i-FEA), bese usebenzisa ama-box girders, ama-I-beams, noma izakhiwo ze-truss ukuze uthuthukise ukuqina kokugoba/ukugoba.

2. Ukuzinza Nokulinganisela
** Isikhungo Sokulawula Amandla Adonsela Phansi: Beka ngokufanele indawo ephakathi kwamandla adonsela phansi yemishini (njengokwehlisa injini, ukuklama izinto eziphikisanayo), ukuze ugweme ingozi yokugumbuqela.
** Ithrekhi kanye ne-Wheelbase: Lungisa ithrekhi kanye ne-wheelbase ngokwendawo yokusebenza (indawo engalingani noma indawo eyisicaba) ukuze uthuthukise ukuzinza kwe-lateral/longitudinal.
** Uhlelo Lokumiswa: Dala ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic, iziphethu zomoya-oyela noma izifutho zokushaqeka zerabha ngokusekelwe ezicini zokudlidliza zemishini esindayo ukuze unciphise umthelela oguqukayo.

3. Ukuqina kanye Nempilo Yesevisi
**Umklamo Omelana Nokukhathala: Ukuhlaziywa kokuphila kokukhathala kufanele kwenziwe ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile (njengamaphuzu e-hinge kanye ne-weld seams) ukuvimbela ukugxilisa ingqondo ekucindezelekeni.
**Ukwelashwa Kokulwa Nokugqwala: Sebenzisa i-hot-dip galvanizing, i-epoxy resin spray, noma i-composite coating ukuze uzivumelanise nezimo ezinzima njengomswakama kanye ne-salt spray.
**Isivikelo Esimelana Nokuguguleka: Faka amapuleti ensimbi angagugi noma ama-liners angashintshwa ezindaweni ezivame ukuguguleka (njengezixhumanisi zethrekhi namapuleti angaphansi kwenqola).

4. Ukufanisa i-Powertrain
**Ukuhlelwa kwe-Powertrain: Ukuhlelwa kwenjini, i-transmission, kanye ne-drive axle kufanele kuqinisekise indlela emfushane kakhulu yokudlulisa amandla ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla.
**Ukusebenza Kahle Kokudlulisa: Lungiselela ukuhambisana kwama-gearbox, ama-hydraulic motor, noma ama-hydrostatic drive (HST) ukuqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo.
**Umklamo Wokushabalalisa Ukushisa: Bhukha iziteshi zokushabalalisa ukushisa noma uhlanganise izinhlelo zokupholisa ukuze uvimbele ukushisa ngokweqile kwezingxenye zokudlulisa.

II. Izidingo Zokuzivumelanisa Nemvelo
1. Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zendawo
** Ukukhethwa Kwendlela Yokuhamba: I-chassis yohlobo lwethrekhi (ingcindezi yokuthintana nomhlabathi ephezulu, efanelekile emhlabathini othambile) noma i-chassis yohlobo lwethayi (ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, umhlabathi oqinile).
** Ukususwa Komhlaba: Dala indawo eyanele yomhlabathi ngokusekelwe esidingweni sokuhamba ukuze ugweme ukuklwebheka kwe-chassis ngokumelene nezithiyo.
** Uhlelo Lokuqondisa: Ukuqondisa okuqondile, ukuqondisa amasondo noma ukuqondisa okuhlukile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kulula ukukuqondisa ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

2. Impendulo Yezimo Zokusebenza Ezibucayi
** Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokushisa: Izinto kumele zikwazi ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphakathi kuka--40°C kuya ku-+50°C ukuvimbela ukuphuka okuqhekekayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma ukukhukhuleka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
** Ukumelana Nothuli Namanzi: Izingxenye ezibalulekile (amabheringi, izivalo) kufanele zivikelwe ngesilinganiso se-IP67 noma ngaphezulu. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zingafakwa ebhokisini ukuvimbela ukungena kwesihlabathi nokungcola.

III. Izidingo Zokuphepha Nezokulawula
1. Umklamo Wokuphepha
** Ukuvikelwa Kokugoqa: Kufakwe i-ROPS (Isakhiwo Esivikelayo Sokugoqa) kanye ne-FOPS (Isakhiwo Sokuvikela Ukuwa).
** Uhlelo Lokubhuleka Oluphuthumayo: Umklamo wokubhuleka ongasebenzi kahle (ukubhuleka ngomshini + ngomshini) ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okusheshayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo.
** Ukulawula Okungasheleli: Emigwaqweni emanzi noma eshelelayo noma emithambekeni, ukubamba kuthuthukiswa ngokukhiya okuhlukile noma izinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezivimbela ukushelela.

2. Ukuthobela imithetho
**Izindinganiso Zamazwe Ngamazwe: Zihambisane nezindinganiso ezifana ne-ISO 3471 (ukuhlolwa kwe-ROPS) kanye ne-ISO 3449 (ukuhlolwa kwe-FOPS).
**Izidingo Zemvelo: Hlangana nezindinganiso zokukhishwa komoya (njenge-Tier 4/Stage V yemishini engeyona eyemigwaqo) futhi unciphise ukungcoliswa komsindo.

IV. Ukugcinwa Nokulungiswa
1. Umklamo We-Modular: Izingxenye ezibalulekile (njenge-drive axles kanye namapayipi e-hydraulic) zakhiwe ngesakhiwo se-modular ukuze ziqaqwe ngokushesha futhi zifakwe esikhundleni sazo.
2. Ukulungiswa Okulula: Kunikezwa imigodi yokuhlola futhi izindawo zokugcoba zihlelwe phakathi nendawo ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokulungisa nezindleko.
3. Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha: Izinzwa ezihlanganisiwe ziqapha amapharamitha afana nokucindezela kukawoyela, izinga lokushisa, kanye nokudlidliza, okusekela isixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi esikude noma izinhlelo ze-OBD.

V. Ukunciphisa Ubunzima Nokusebenzisa Kahle Amandla
1. Ukunciphisa Isisindo Sezinto: Sebenzisa insimbi enamandla kakhulu, ama-aluminium alloys, noma izinto ezihlanganisiwe ngenkathi uqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo.
2. Ukuthuthukisa I-Topology: Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CAE ukuze ususe izinto ezingasasebenzi futhi ulungise izakhiwo (njengezingodo ezingenalutho kanye nezakhiwo zezinyosi).
3. Ukulawula Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Thuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokudlulisa ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli noma kwamandla.

VI. Umklamo Owenziwe Ngokwezifiso
1. Umklamo wesakhiwo soxhumano oluphakathi: Lungiselela isakhiwo ngokusekelwe kumthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nezidingo zoxhumano zemishini engenhla, kufaka phakathi imishayo, amapulatifomu, amakholomu, njll.
2. Umklamo wezikhwama zokuphakamisa: Dala amasikhwama okuphakamisa ngokwezidingo zokuphakamisa zemishini.
3. Umklamo welogo: Phrinta noma uqophe ilogo ngokwezidingo zekhasimende.