Iimishini esindayo undercarriage chassisiyingxenye ewumgogodla esekela ukwakheka okuphelele kwezinto zokusebenza, idlulisa amandla, ithwala imithwalo, futhi ivumelane nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izidingo zayo zokuklama kufanele zicabangele ngokuphelele ukuphepha, ukuzinza, ukuqina, nokuvumelana nezimo zemvelo. Okulandelayo yizidingo ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwemishini engaphansi kwemishini esindayo:
I. Izidingo Zomklamo Oyinhloko
1. Amandla Esakhiwo kanye Nokuqina
**Ukuhlaziywa Komthwalo: Kudingeka ukubala imithwalo emile (isisindo somshini ozisindayo, umthamo womthwalo), imithwalo eguquguqukayo (ukudlidliza, ukushaqeka), nemithwalo esebenzayo (amandla okumba, amandla okudonsa, njll.) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-chassis ayishintshile noma iphukile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima.
**Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile: Insimbi enamandla amakhulu (efana ne-Q345, Q460), ama-alloys akhethekile, noma izakhiwo ezishiselwe kufanele zisetshenziswe, kucatshangelwa amandla aqinile, ukumelana nokukhathala, kanye nokusebenza kanzima.
**Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesakhiwo: Qinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi ngokuhlaziywa kwezinto ezinomkhawulo (i-FEA), futhi usebenzise amabhande amabhokisi, ama-I-beam, noma izakhiwo ze-truss ukuze uthuthukise ukugoba/ukuqina kokuqina.
2. Ukuzinza nokulinganisela
** Isikhungo Sokulawula Amandla Adonsela phansi: Yabela ngokunengqondo isikhungo sokuma kwamandla adonsela phansi amathuluzi (njengokwehlisa injini, ukuklama ama-counterweights), ukugwema ingozi yokugingqika.
** Ithrekhi ne-Wheelbase: Lungisa ithrekhi ne-wheelbase ngokwendawo yokusebenza (indawo engalingani noma inhlabathi eyisicaba) ukuze uthuthukise ukusimama kwe-lateral/longitudinal.
** Uhlelo Lokumiswa: Dizayina ukumiswa kwe-hydraulic, iziphethu zikawoyela womoya noma izibambisi zenjoloba zokushaqeka ngokusekelwe kuzici zokudlidliza zemishini esindayo ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela oguquguqukayo.
3. Ukuqina kanye Nempilo Yesevisi
**Idizayini Engazweli Ukukhathala: Ukuhlaziywa kwempilo yokukhathala kufanele kwenziwe ezingxenyeni ezibucayi (njengamahinge nama-weld seams) ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugxiliswa kwengcindezi.
**Ukwelashwa kwe-anti-corrosion: Sebenzisa i-hot-dip galvanizing, i-epoxy resin spraying, noma ama-composite coating ukuze uvumelane nezimo ezinzima ezifana nomswakama nesifutho sikasawoti.
**Ukuvikela Okungagqoki: Faka amapuleti ensimbi angagugi noma olayini abangashintshwa ezindaweni ezivame ukuguga (njengezixhumanisi zamathrekhi namapuleti angaphansi kwenqola).
4. Ukufaniswa kwe-Powertrain
**Isakhiwo se-Powertrain: Ukuhlelwa kwenjini, ukudlulisa, kanye ne-ekseli yokushayela kufanele kuqinisekise indlela emfushane yokudluliswa kwamandla ukuze kuncishiswe ukulahleka kwamandla.
**Impumelelo Yokudluliswa: Lungiselela ukufanisa amabhokisi egiya, ama-hydraulic motors, noma ama-hydrostatic drives (HST) ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.
**Idizayini Yokukhipha Ukushisa: Gcina iziteshi zokulahla ukushisa noma hlanganisa amasistimu okupholisa ukuze uvimbele ukushisisa ngokweqile kwezingxenye zokudlulisela.
II. Izidingo Zokuguquguquka Kwezemvelo
1. Ukuguquguquka Kwendawo
** Ukukhetha Indlela Yokuhamba: I-chassis yohlobo lwe-track (ingcindezi yokuxhumana esezingeni eliphezulu, ifanele indawo ethambile) noma i-chassis yohlobo lwamasondo (ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu, umhlabathi oqinile).
** Ukususwa Kwendawo: Dizayina indawo evulekile eyanele esekelwe esidingweni sokudlula ukuze ugweme ukukhuhla kwe-chassis ngokumelene nezithiyo.
**Isistimu Yokuqondisa: Isiteringi esicacile, isiteringi samasondo noma isiteringi esihlukile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambahamba ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Extreme Operating Conditions Response
** Izimo Zezinga lokushisa: Izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zikwazi ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga -40°C kuya ku-+50°C ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuphuka okuphukayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma kukhase emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
** Ukumelana Nothuli Namanzi: Izingxenye ezibalulekile (amabheringi, ama-seal) kufanele zivikelwe ngesilinganiso se-IP67 noma ngaphezulu. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zingabuye zifakwe ebhokisini ukuvimbela ukungena kwesihlabathi nokungcola.
III. Izidingo Zokuphepha Nezokulawula
1. Idizayini yokuphepha
** I-Roll-over Protection: Ifakwe I-ROPS (Isakhiwo Sokuvikela Sokuqengqeleka) kanye ne-FOPS (Isakhiwo Sokuvikela Ukuwa).
** Uhlelo Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo: I-Redundant braking design (mechanical + hydraulic braking) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusabela okusheshayo ezimeni eziphuthumayo.
** Ukulawula okunqanda ukushelela: Emigwaqweni emanzi noma eshelelayo noma emithambekeni, ukudonsa kuthuthukiswa ngezingidi ezihlukene noma amasistimu e-electronic anti-slip.
2. Ukuthobela umthetho
**Amazinga Amazwe Ngamazwe: Ahambisane namazinga afana ne-ISO 3471 (ukuhlolwa kwe-ROPS) kanye ne-ISO 3449 (ukuhlola kwe-FOPS).
**Izimfuneko Zemvelo: Kuhlangatshezwana nezindinganiso zokukhipha umoya (njengeTier 4/Isiteji V semishini engeyona eyemigwaqo) futhi yehlise ukungcoliswa komsindo.
IV. Isondlo kanye Nokulungiswa
1. Idizayini Eyimojuli: Izingxenye ezibalulekile (njengama-ekseli okushayela kanye namapayipi amanzi) aklanywe ngesakhiwo semodular ukuze ahlakazwe ngokushesha futhi afakwe esikhundleni.
2. Ukunakekela Kalula: Kuhlinzekwa izimbobo zokuhlola futhi izindawo zokuthambisa zihlelwa maphakathi ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokulungisa kanye nezindleko.
3. Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha: Izinzwa ezihlanganisiwe ziqapha amapharamitha afana nomfutho kawoyela, izinga lokushisa, nokudlidliza, okusekela isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi esikude noma amasistimu e-OBD.
V. I-Lightweighting kanye Nempumelelo Yamandla
1. Ukunciphisa Isisindo Esibalulekile: Sebenzisa insimbi enamandla amakhulu, ama-alloys e-aluminium, noma izinto eziyinhlanganisela kuyilapho uqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo.
2. Ukuthuthukisa I-Topology: Qasha ubuchwepheshe be-CAE ukuze uqedele izinto ezingasenamsebenzi futhi uthuthukise amafomu esakhiwo (njengemishayo engenalutho kanye nezakhiwo zamakhekheba ezinyosi).
3. Ukulawulwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla: Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yokudlulisa ukwehlisa uphethiloli noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
VI. Umklamo Owenziwe ngokwezifiso
1. Idizayini yesakhiwo sokuxhuma okuphakathi: Lungiselela isakhiwo ngokusekelwe kumthamo othwala umthwalo kanye nezidingo zokuxhuma zemishini ephezulu, okuhlanganisa imishayo, amapulatifomu, amakholomu, njll.
2. Idizayini yokuphakamisa imithwalo: Dizayina amalugi okuphakamisa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokuphakamisa imishini.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwelogo: Phrinta noma uqophe ilogo ngokwezidingo zekhasimende.
VII. Umehluko Kumklamo Wesimo Sesicelo Esijwayelekile
| Uhlobo Lwemishini | Ukugcizelelwa kwe-Undercarriage Design |
| Abenzi bezimayini | Ukumelana nomthelela omuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa kwethrekhi, indawo ephakemeimvume |
| Okhrayini basethekwini | Isikhungo esiphansi se-gravity, i-wide wheelbase, ukuqina komthwalo womoya |
| Abavuni bezolimo | I-lightweight, i-soft ground passability, i-anti-entanglement design |
| Ubunjiniyela bezempiimishini | Ukuhamba okuphezulu, ukugcinwa okusheshayo kwe-modular, i-electromagneticukuhambisana |
Isifinyezo
Idizayini yemishini engaphansi kwemishini esindayo kufanele isekelwe "ku-multi-disciplinaryukusebenzisana", okuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa kwemishini, isayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, ukulingisa okuguquguqukayo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwesimo sangempela sokusebenza, ukuze ekugcineni kufinyelelwe izinjongo zokwethembeka, ukusebenza kahle nempilo yesevisi ende. Phakathi nenqubo yokuklama, okubalulekile kufanele kunikezwe izidingo zesimo somsebenzisi (njengezimayini, ukwakhiwa, ezolimo), kanye nesikhala sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe (njengokufaka ugesi nobuhlakani) kufanele kugcinwe.