Ucingo:
I-imeyili:
Inqola yensimbi engaphansi kwethrekhi enezingodo zerabha iyisakhiwo esihlanganisiwe esihlanganisa amandla nokuqina kwemizila yensimbi nokumuncwa kokushaqeka, ukunciphisa umsindo, kanye nezici zokuvikela umgwaqo zerabha. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuhlukahlukene kwemishini, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona kokubili ikhono lokushayela emgwaqweni ongaphandle komgwaqo kanye nokushayela emgwaqweni osemadolobheni/ogandayiwe. Nazi izindawo zayo eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo:
1. Imishini Yokwakha:
Abavubukuli:Zivame kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwedolobha, ekulungisweni kwemigwaqo, ekuhlobiseni imvelo, nakwezinye izimo lapho kudingeka zisebenze eduze kwezakhiwo noma zihambe njalo emigwaqweni egandayiwe. Imizila yerabha inciphisa kakhulu umonakalo emigwaqweni ye-asphalt nekhonkrithi, yehlisa umsindo wokushayela kanye nokudlidliza, ithuthukisa induduzo yomqhubi, futhi inciphise ukuphazamiseka endaweni ezungezile.
Ama-Bulldozer/Ama-Loader Amancane/Aphakathi:Lezi zisetshenziswa kabanzi nasezimweni lapho kudingeka zishintshe phakathi kwemigwaqo egandayiwe (njengamaphrojekthi kamasipala, izindawo zefektri) kanye nomhlabathi othambile (njengomsebenzi womhlaba, imfucuza yokwakha). Imizila yerabha inikeza ukuvikelwa okungcono komgwaqo kanye nokushelela.
Izitishi ze-Skid/Izilayishi ze-Track Compact:Le mishini yenzelwe ngokwemvelo ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuguquguquka ezindaweni ezivalekile kanye nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ngaphakathi. Imizila yensimbi elandelwa ngerabha cishe ijwayelekile, ihlinzeka kokubili ukushelela kanye nobungane bomgwaqo kwemishini enamasondo kanye nokubambelela, ukuzinza, kanye nokuzivumelanisa nomhlaba kwemishini elandelwayo.
Imishini Yokubhoboza/Abashayeli Bezinqwaba:Uma ungena ezindaweni zokwakha zasemadolobheni noma ezindaweni ezizwelayo, kubalulekile ukunciphisa umonakalo emigwaqweni ekhona futhi unciphise umsindo.
2. Imishini Yezolimo:
Ogandaganda abakhulu:Isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yasensimini enamandla amakhulu kanye nemithwalo esindayo. Uma kudingeka ukudluliselwa njalo phakathi kwamasimu nemigwaqo eqinile yasemakhaya (imigwaqo ekhonkolo, imigwaqo ye-asphalt), imizila evinjiwe ngerabha ingavikela ngempumelelo imigwaqo yomphakathi, inciphise umonakalo womphezulu womgwaqo ekugingqikeni, yehlise umsindo wokushayela kanye nokudlidliza, ithuthukise induduzo yokushayela, futhi inciphise ukuminyana kwenhlabathi (uma kuqhathaniswa namasondo, imizila inendawo enkulu yokuxhumana nomhlaba kanye nengcindezi ephansi).
Hlanganisa imishini yokuvuna:Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, lapho kudingeka ukufuduka ibanga elide noma ukushayela emigwaqweni eqinile, imizila evinjiwe ngerabha ingavikela ubuso bomgwaqo futhi inciphise umthelela wokudlidliza emishinini enembile.
Izifutho/izichumisi:Imishini emikhulu ezishayela ngokwayo ivame ukudinga ukuhamba emigwaqweni yomphakathi ngemva kokusebenza endle. Imizila evinjiwe ngerabha ilungele kakhulu imigwaqo.
3. Izimoto Ezikhethekile:
Amaloli/Izimoto Zokuhlangula Izitebhisi Zomlilo:Ezinye izimoto zomlilo noma zokuhlenga ezithwala kanzima zisebenzisa i-chassis elandelelwayo ukuze zithuthukise ukuzinza kanye nomthamo wokuthwala imithwalo. Amabhulokhi enjoloba emizileni azenza zikwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha nangokuthula emigwaqweni egandayiwe njengemigwaqo yedolobha kanye nemigwaqo yabahamba ngezinyawo, zifike endaweni yokutakula ngenkathi zigwema ukulimala komgwaqo.
Izimoto Zokuthutha/Ubunjiniyela Bezempi:Ezisekelweni zempi, eduze kwezindawo zezikhungo, noma lapho kudingeka imisebenzi yokucasha, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umsindo nokuvikela imigwaqo yangaphakathi yesisekelo.
Ama-Crane Amakhulu Ahambayo:Amanye ama-crane ahambayo anzima adinga ukuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu kanye nomfutho ophansi womhlaba asebenzisa i-chassis elandelwayo. Amabhulokhi enjoloba asiza ukuvikela ubuso bomgwaqo lapho ungena ezindaweni zokwakha noma wenza ukudluliselwa okufushane.
4. Imishini Yamahlathi:
Imishini Yokusika/Yokudlulisela:Imishini yesimanje yamahlathi ivame ukusebenza phakathi kwemigwaqo yasehlathini (engase ibe imigwaqo ebekwe nje noma imigwaqo enothuli neyamatshe) kanye nendawo yamahlathi emabi. Imizila yamabhulokhi enjoloba ibangela umonakalo omncane ebusweni bomgwaqo, idale umsindo omncane, futhi ihlinzeka ngokuhamba okunethezekile uma uhamba emigwaqweni eqinile uma kuqhathaniswa nemizila yensimbi emsulwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, igcina ukubamba okuqinile kanye nokudlula endaweni enodaka neyamahlathi aqinile.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokwengeza amabhlogo enjoloba:
1. Ukuvikela imigwaqo egandayiwe:Ukuvimbela ukuklwebheka nokuchotshozwa okuqondile kwe-asphalt, ukhonkolo, amathayili, imabula kanye nezinye izindawo eziqinile ngamapuleti ensimbi. Lokhu kungamandla ayisisekelo okuqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwawo.
2. Ukunciphisa umsindo ngokuphawulekayo:Irabha imunca futhi ivimbele umsindo omkhulu odalwa umthelela wamapuleti ensimbi ezindaweni eziqinile, okunciphisa ukungcoliswa komsindo endaweni yasemadolobheni kanye nakubasebenzi.
3. Ukunciphisa ukudlidliza:Amabhulokhi enjoloba ahlinzeka ngokuhlanzeka, anciphisa kakhulu ukudlidliza okudluliselwa ohlakeni nasekhebhini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini nokuhamba, okuthuthukisa kakhulu induduzo yomqhubi futhi kunciphisa ukukhathala.
4. Ukuthuthukisa ukubamba (ezindaweni ezithile):Ezindaweni eziqinile, ezomile noma ezimanzi ezigandayiwe, amabhlogo enjoloba anikeza ukubamba okungcono kunezindlela zensimbi ezibushelelezi (ezifana namathayi), okunciphisa ukushelela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka noma sokubhuleka.
5. Ukwehlisa ingcindezi yomhlabathi:Amabhulokhi enjoloba andisa indawo yokuxhumana komhlabathi, anciphisa kakhulu ingcindezi ekhishwa imishini emhlabathini othambile (njengotshani, inhlabathi engakaqini), anciphisa ukucwila kanye nomonakalo.
6. Ukuthuthukisa induduzo kanye nokuhleleka kokuhamba:Ukudlidliza okuphansi nomsindo, kanye nokubamba okungcono ezindaweni eziqinile, kuthuthukisa ulwazi lokushayela kanye nokuzethemba kokulawula.
Izinto Okucatshangwayo Nokulinganiselwa Kokuklama:
1. Ukugqokwa Kwebhulokhi Yerabha:Amabhulokhi enjoloba ayaguga ezindaweni eziqinile nezinolaka, futhi isikhathi sawo sokuphila sivame ukuba sifushane kunesomzimba wethrekhi yensimbi. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokushintshwa kuyadingeka. Ngemva kokuguga, ukuvikelwa kobuso bomgwaqo kanye nomphumela wokunciphisa umsindo kuzoncipha.
2. Indlela Yokulungisa:Amabhulokhi enjoloba avame ukunamathela kumapuleti ensimbi (izixhumanisi zethrekhi) ngamabhawodi noma izibopho ezihlanganisiwe. Indlela yokuxhuma ethembekile iyadingeka ukuvimbela ukuhlukana.
3. Izindleko:Uma kuqhathaniswa nemizila yensimbi emsulwa, ukungezwa kwamabhulokhi enjoloba kanye nezakhiwo zawo zokuqinisa kwandisa izindleko.
4. Imikhawulo Yezimo Zokusebenza Ezinzima Kakhulu:Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu njengamazinga okushisa aphezulu, amatshe abukhali, ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali okunamandla, noma izimo zodaka eziqhubekayo, ukuqina nokusebenza kwamabhulokhi enjoloba kungaba ngaphansi kwalokho kwemizila yensimbi emsulwa. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela injoloba ukuthi ithambise futhi isheshise ukuguga, futhi izinto ezibukhali zingase ziklwebhe noma zibhoboze injoloba.
5. Isisindo:Isisindo esinyukile kancane.
6. Ukushabalalisa Ukushisa:Isembozo serabha singathinta ukushabalaliswa kokushisa endaweni yephini lomzila kanye nendawo ye-bushing (yize umthelela uvame ukuba mncane kakhulu).
Isifinyezo:
Inqola yensimbi engaphansi kwethrekhi enamaphedi enjoloba iwumkhiqizo wokuhlanganiswa komklamo wobunjiniyela nezidingo ezingokoqobo. Iphumelela ekulinganiseni okuhle phakathi kwamandla okusebenza ngaphandle komgwaqo, ukuqina kokudonsa kwemishini elandelwayo kanye nobungane bomgwaqo, umsindo ophansi kanye nenduduzo ephezulu yemishini enamasondo. Inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi, ezifanele kakhulu imishini yemishini ephathwayo esebenza ezindaweni ezihlanganisa imigwaqo engaphandle komgwaqo/engagandayiwe kanye nemigwaqo yasemadolobheni/egandayiwe. Lapho imishini idinga ukugcina amandla okusebenza aqinile kanye nokudlula ngenkathi ivikela ingqalasizinda yomphakathi noma yangasese (imigwaqo), lesi sakhiwo sethrekhi esihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile siyisinqumo esifanele.