Themakina olemera a undercarriage chassisndi chigawo chapakati chomwe chimathandizira dongosolo lonse la zida, kutumiza mphamvu, kunyamula katundu, ndikusinthira ku zovuta zogwirira ntchito. Zofunikira pakupanga kwake ziyenera kuganizira mozama zachitetezo, kukhazikika, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri pakupanga makina olemera a undercarriage:
I. Zofunikira Zopanga Pakatikati
1. Mphamvu Yamapangidwe ndi Kuuma
**Kusanthula Katundu: Ndikofunikira kuwerengera zolemetsa zosasunthika (zida zodziyimira pawokha, kuchuluka kwa katundu), katundu wosunthika (kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka), ndi katundu wogwirira ntchito (mphamvu yofukula, mphamvu yokoka, ndi zina zambiri) kuwonetsetsa kuti chassis sichikuwonongeka kapena kusweka kwa pulasitiki pansi pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri yogwirira ntchito.
**Kusankha Zinthu: Chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri (monga Q345, Q460), ma alloys apadera, kapena zomangira zowotcherera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, poganizira zamphamvu zolimba, kukana kutopa, ndi machinability.
**Kukhathamiritsa Kwamapangidwe: Tsimikizirani kugawanika kwa kupsinjika pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kwazinthu zomaliza (FEA), ndikutengera zomangira zamabokosi, matabwa a ma I-beam, kapena ma truss kuti mupititse patsogolo kuuma kopindika.
2. Kukhazikika ndi Kulinganiza
** Center of Gravity Control: Ganizirani momveka bwino malo apakati pa mphamvu yokoka ya zida (monga kutsitsa injini, kupanga ma counterweights), kuti mupewe ngozi yakugubuduzika.
** Tsatani ndi Wheelbase: Sinthani njanji ndi ma wheelbase molingana ndi malo ogwirira ntchito (malo osagwirizana kapena malo athyathyathya) kuti mulimbikitse kukhazikika kwakutali / kotalika.
** Suspension System: Kupanga kuyimitsidwa kwa hydraulic, akasupe amafuta a mpweya kapena zotulutsa mphira kutengera kugwedezeka kwa makina olemera kuti muchepetse mphamvu.
3. Kukhalitsa ndi Moyo Wautumiki
**Mapangidwe Osatopa: Kuwunika moyo wa kutopa kuyenera kuchitidwa pazigawo zovuta (monga ma hinge point ndi ma weld seams) kuti mupewe kupsinjika.
**Kuchiza kwa Anti-corrosion: Gwiritsani ntchito galvanizing ya dip, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi epoxy resin, kapena zokutira zophatikizika kuti mugwirizane ndi malo ovuta monga chinyezi ndi kupopera mchere.
**Chitetezo chosamva kuvala: Ikani zitsulo zosagwira ntchito kapena zomangira zomangira m'malo omwe amakonda kuvala (monga malinki a track ndi mbale zonyamula pansi).
4. Kufanana kwa Powertrain
**Mawonekedwe a Powertrain: Makonzedwe a injini, ma transmission, ndi drive axle akuyenera kuwonetsetsa njira yayifupi kwambiri yotumizira mphamvu kuti muchepetse kutaya mphamvu.
**Kutumiza Mwachangu: Konzani zofananira za ma gearbox, ma hydraulic motors, kapena ma hydrostatic drives (HST) kuti muwonetsetse kufalikira kwamphamvu kwamagetsi.
**Mapangidwe a Kutentha kwa Kutentha: Sungani njira zochotsera kutentha kapena kuphatikiza makina ozizirira kuti mupewe kutenthedwa kwazinthu zopatsirana.
II. Zofunikira Zosintha Zachilengedwe
1. Kusinthasintha kwa Terrain
** Kusankha Njira Zoyendera: Chassis yamtundu wa track (kuthamanga kwamtunda kwapansi, koyenera malo ofewa) kapena chassis yamtundu wa matayala (kuthamanga kwambiri, nthaka yolimba).
** Kuchotsa Pansi: Pangani malo ovomerezeka okwanira kutengera kufunikira kodutsa kuti mupewe kukwapula kwa chassis motsutsana ndi zopinga.
** Chiwongolero: Chiwongolero chodziwika bwino, chiwongolero cha mawilo kapena chiwongolero chosiyanitsa kuti muwonetsetse kuti mutha kuyenda m'malo ovuta.
2. Kwambiri Opaleshoni Mikhalidwe Yankho
** Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha: Zida ziyenera kugwira ntchito mkati mwa -40 ° C mpaka + 50 ° C kuti ziteteze kusweka kwa brittle pa kutentha kochepa kapena kukwawa pa kutentha kwakukulu.
** Kusamvana kwa Fumbi ndi Madzi: Zida zofunika kwambiri (zonyamulira, zisindikizo) ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi IP67 kapena kupitilira apo. Zigawo zofunika zimathanso kutsekedwa m'bokosi kuti muteteze kulowerera kwa mchenga ndi dothi.
III. Zofunikira pa Chitetezo ndi Malamulo
1. Chitetezo Chokonzekera
** Chitetezo cha Roll-over: Yokhala ndi ROPS (Roll-over Protective Structure) ndi FOPS (Fall Protection Structure).
** Emergency Braking System: Redundant braking design (mechanical + hydraulic braking) kuti muwonetsetse kuyankha mwachangu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
** Anti-slip Control: Pamisewu yonyowa kapena yoterera kapena malo otsetsereka, kukokera kumakulitsidwa kudzera m'maloko osiyanitsa kapena makina oletsa kuterera amagetsi.
2. Kutsatira
**Miyezo Yapadziko Lonse: Igwirizane ndi miyezo monga ISO 3471 (ROPS kuyesa) ndi ISO 3449 (FOPS kuyesa).
**Zofunikira Zachilengedwe: Kukwaniritsa miyezo yotulutsa mpweya (monga Gawo 4/Stage V pamakina osayenda pamsewu) ndikuchepetsa kuwononga phokoso.
IV. Kusamalira ndi Kukonzanso
1. Mapangidwe a Modular: Zigawo zazikulu (monga ma axles oyendetsa ndi mapaipi a hydraulic) amapangidwa mwadongosolo kuti asungunuke mwachangu ndikusintha.
2. Kusamalira Bwino: Mabowo oyendera amaperekedwa ndipo malo opaka mafuta amakonzedwa pakati kuti achepetse nthawi yokonza ndi ndalama.
3. Kuzindikira Zolakwa: Masensa ophatikizika amawunika magawo monga kuthamanga kwa mafuta, kutentha, ndi kugwedezeka, kuthandizira chenjezo lakutali kapena machitidwe a OBD.
V. Lightweighting ndi Mphamvu Mwachangu
1. Kuchepetsa Kulemera kwa Zinthu: Gwiritsani ntchito zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri, zotayira za aluminiyamu, kapena zipangizo zophatikizika pamene mukuonetsetsa kuti tsatanetsatane wapangidwe.
2. Kukhathamiritsa kwa Topology: Gwiritsani ntchito ukadaulo wa CAE kuti muchotse zida zosafunikira ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe apangidwe (monga matabwa opanda uchi ndi zisa).
3. Kuwongolera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu: Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
VI. Makonda Mapangidwe
1. Kukonzekera kwapakatikati yolumikizira: Konzani kapangidwe kake potengera mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi zofunikira zolumikizira zida zapamwamba, kuphatikiza matabwa, nsanja, mizati, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Kukweza matumba: Kupanga zikwama zonyamulira molingana ndi zofunikira zokweza zida.
3. Mapangidwe a Logo: Sindikizani kapena lembani chizindikirocho malinga ndi zomwe kasitomala akufuna.
VII. Kusiyana kwa Mapangidwe Anthawi Yake Yogwiritsa Ntchito
| Mtundu Wamakina | Kutsindika kwa Undercarriage Design |
| Ofukula migodi | Superb impact resistance, track wear resistance, high groundchilolezo |
| Zokwera pamadoko | Low center of gravity, wide wheelbase, wind load bata |
| Okolola zaulimi | Zopepuka, zofewa pansi zodutsa, anti-entanglement design |
| Uinjiniya wa usilikalimakina | Kuyenda kwakukulu, kukonza mwachangu, ma electromagnetickugwilizana |
Chidule
Mapangidwe a undercarriage yamakina olemetsa ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pa "multi-disciplinarymgwirizano ", kuphatikiza kusanthula kwamakina, sayansi ya zida, kuyerekezera kwamphamvu komanso kutsimikizira momwe ntchito ikugwirira ntchito, kuti pamapeto pake akwaniritse zolinga zodalirika, zogwira ntchito bwino komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Panthawi yokonza, zofunikira ziyenera kuperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito (monga migodi, zomangamanga, ulimi), ndi malo opititsa patsogolo umisiri (monga magetsi ndi luntha) ziyenera kusungidwa.