Foni:
Imelo:
Chitseko chapansi pa njanji yachitsulo chokhala ndi mapepala a rabara ndi kapangidwe kophatikizana komwe kumaphatikiza mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa njanji zachitsulo ndi kuyamwa kwa kugwedezeka, kuchepetsa phokoso, ndi mawonekedwe a rabara oteteza msewu. Imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito makina osiyanasiyana, makamaka pazochitika zomwe luso loyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yakutali komanso kuyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yamatauni/yapakhomo ndizofunikira. Nazi madera akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zabwino zake:
1. Makina Omanga:
Ofukula:Ndi zofala kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga mizinda, kukonza misewu, kukonza malo, ndi zina zomwe zimafunika kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi nyumba kapena kuyenda pafupipafupi m'misewu yamatabwa. Njira za rabara zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa misewu ya phula ndi konkire, zimachepetsa phokoso loyendetsa ndi kugwedezeka, zimawonjezera chitonthozo cha woyendetsa, komanso zimachepetsa kusokonezeka kwa malo ozungulira.
Ma Bulldozer/Loaders Ang'onoang'ono/Apakatikati:Izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazochitika zomwe zimafunika kusinthana pakati pa misewu yokonzedwa (monga mapulojekiti a boma, madera a fakitale) ndi nthaka yofewa (monga nthaka, zinyalala zomangira). Njira za rabara zimapereka chitetezo chabwino pamisewu komanso kusalala.
Zoyendetsa Ma Skid/Zoyika Zochepa pa Track:Makina awa adapangidwa mwachibadwa kuti azigwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso kusinthasintha m'malo obisika komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo m'nyumba. Ma track achitsulo otsatira njira ya rabara ndi ofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zamawilo zikhale zosavuta kuyenda komanso zosavuta kuyenda nazo komanso kuti zida zotsata njira zikhale zolimba, zokhazikika, komanso zosinthika pansi.
Makina Obowolera/Oyendetsa Mizere:Mukalowa m'malo omanga mumzinda kapena m'malo ovuta, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa misewu yomwe ilipo ndikuchepetsa phokoso.
2. Makina a Zaulimi:
Matrakitala akuluakulu:Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ntchito zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zolemera. Pakufunika kusamutsa pafupipafupi pakati pa minda ndi misewu yolimba yakumidzi (misewu ya konkire, misewu ya phula), njanji zotsekedwa ndi rabara zimatha kuteteza bwino misewu ya anthu onse, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa misewu chifukwa cha kugubuduzika, kuchepetsa phokoso loyendetsa ndi kugwedezeka, kukonza bwino kuyendetsa, ndikuchepetsa kukhuthala kwa nthaka (poyerekeza ndi mawilo, njanji zimakhala ndi malo akuluakulu olumikizirana pansi komanso kuthamanga kochepa).
Zokolola zosakaniza:Mu nyengo yokolola, pamene kusamukira kutali kapena kuyendetsa galimoto m'misewu yolimba ndikofunikira, njanji zotsekedwa ndi rabara zimatha kuteteza pamwamba pa msewu ndikuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa zida zolondola.
Zopopera/feteleza:Zipangizo zazikulu zodziyendetsa zokha nthawi zambiri zimayenera kuyenda m'misewu ya anthu onse pambuyo pa ntchito za kumunda. Njira zotsekedwa ndi rabara zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito m'misewu.
3. Magalimoto Apadera:
Magalimoto Opulumutsa Anthu Ozimitsa Moto/Malo Othandizira Opulumutsa Anthu:Magalimoto ena olemera ozimitsa moto kapena opulumutsa anthu amagwiritsa ntchito chassis yotsatiridwa kuti awonjezere kukhazikika komanso mphamvu zonyamula katundu. Mabuloko a rabara pa njanji amawathandiza kuyenda mwachangu komanso mwakachetechete m'misewu yokonzedwa ngati misewu yamzinda ndi m'misewu yoyenda anthu, kufika pamalo opulumutsira anthu komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa msewu.
Magalimoto Oyendetsera Zinthu Zankhondo/Uinjiniya:M'malo ankhondo, pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito, kapena pamene ntchito zobisala zikufunika, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa phokoso ndikuteteza misewu yamkati mwa malowo.
Ma Crane Akuluakulu Oyenda:Ma crane ena olemera oyenda omwe amafunikira kukhazikika kwambiri komanso kutsika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi pansi amagwiritsa ntchito chassis yotsatiridwa. Ma block a rabara amathandiza kuteteza pamwamba pa msewu polowa m'malo omanga kapena poyenda mtunda waufupi.
4. Makina a Nkhalango:
Makina Odulira/Otumizira Zinthu:Makina amakono okonza nkhalango nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pakati pa misewu ya m'nkhalango (yomwe ingakhale yongoyikidwa kapena yadothi ndi miyala) ndi malo ouma a nkhalango. Njira zotchingira rabara siziwononga kwambiri pamwamba pa msewu, sizipanga phokoso lalikulu, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ulendo ukhale wosavuta kuyenda mumsewu wolimba poyerekeza ndi njira zachitsulo zoyera. Nthawi yomweyo, zimasunga mphamvu yokoka komanso kuyenda bwino m'malo ouma komanso otsetsereka a nkhalango.
Ubwino waukulu wowonjezera mabuloko a rabara:
1. Kuteteza misewu yokonzedwa ndi miyala:Kuletsa kukanda ndi kuphwanya phula, konkire, matailosi, miyala ya marble ndi malo ena olimba pogwiritsa ntchito ma tray plates achitsulo. Ichi ndiye mphamvu yofunika kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito.
2. Kuchepetsa phokoso kwambiri:Rabala imayamwa ndi kuteteza phokoso lalikulu lomwe limapangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo pamalo olimba, zomwe zimachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa phokoso ku malo okhala m'mizinda ndi kwa ogwira ntchito.
3. Kuchepetsa kugwedezeka:Mabuloko a rabara amapereka chithandizo cha khushoni, amachepetsa kwambiri kugwedezeka komwe kumatumizidwa ku chimango ndi kabati panthawi yogwira ntchito ndi paulendo wa zida, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti woyendetsayo azikhala bwino komanso amachepetsa kutopa.
4. Kuwongolera kugwirika kwa chinthu (pamalo enaake):Pa malo olimba, ouma kapena onyowa okhala ndi miyala, mabuloko a rabara amapereka kugwira bwino kuposa njira zosalala zachitsulo (monga matayala), kuchepetsa kutsetsereka, makamaka pokwera kapena kuletsa mabuleki.
5. Kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa nthaka:Mabuloko a rabara amawonjezera malo olumikizirana pansi, kuchepetsanso kupanikizika komwe zipangizo zimagwiritsa ntchito pa nthaka yofewa (monga udzu, nthaka yosalimba), kuchepetsa kumira ndi kuwonongeka.
6. Kulimbitsa chitonthozo ndi kusinthasintha:Kugwedezeka kochepa ndi phokoso, pamodzi ndi kugwira bwino malo olimba, kumawonjezera luso loyendetsa galimoto komanso kulimbitsa chidaliro.
Zoganizira ndi Zolepheretsa Pakupanga:
1. Zovala za Rabara:Mabuloko a rabara amatha pamalo olimba komanso osasunthika, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala aafupi kuposa a chitsulo. Kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndikofunika. Pambuyo pa kuwonongeka, chitetezo cha pamwamba pa msewu ndi mphamvu yochepetsera phokoso zimachepa.
2. Njira Yokonzera:Mabuloko a rabara nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku ma track plate achitsulo (ma track link) ndi mabolts kapena vulcanized bonding. Njira yodalirika yolumikizira imafunika kuti mupewe kusweka.
3. Mtengo:Poyerekeza ndi njanji zachitsulo choyera, kuwonjezera mabuloko a rabara ndi mapangidwe awo okhazikika kumawonjezera mtengo.
4. Zoletsa Zoopsa pa Mikhalidwe Yogwirira Ntchito:Mu nyengo zovuta kwambiri monga kutentha kwambiri, miyala yakuthwa, dzimbiri la mankhwala amphamvu, kapena matope olemera nthawi zonse, kulimba ndi magwiridwe antchito a mabuloko a rabara kungakhale kochepa poyerekeza ndi njira zachitsulo choyera. Kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse rabala kufewa ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka, ndipo zinthu zakuthwa zimatha kukanda kapena kuboola rabala.
5. Kulemera:Kulemera pang'ono kunawonjezeka.
6. Kutaya Kutentha:Chophimba cha rabara chingakhudze kutayika kwa kutentha mu malo olumikizira njanji ndi malo ogwirira (ngakhale kuti kugwedezeka nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa).
Chidule:
Chidebe chachitsulo chokhala ndi ma rabara ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi kapangidwe ka uinjiniya ndi zosowa zenizeni. Chimakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri mphamvu ya msewu, kukhazikika kwa zida zotsatizana ndi kuyenda bwino pamsewu, phokoso lochepa komanso chitonthozo chachikulu cha zida zoyenda ndi mawilo. Chili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zoyenera zida zoyendera zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana monga misewu yopanda misewu/yopanda miyala komanso misewu ya m'matauni/yopanda miyala. Pamene zidazo zikufunika kusunga mphamvu yogwirira ntchito komanso kuyenda bwino pamene zikuteteza zomangamanga za boma kapena zachinsinsi (misewu), kapangidwe ka msewu wophatikizana uwu nthawi zambiri ndi chisankho chabwino.