Ingingo z'ingenzi mu gushushanya chassis y'imashini ziremereye munsi y'imodoka

I. Ibisabwa ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'ibanze

1. Ingufu n'Ubukana bw'Inyubako
**Isesengura ry'Umutwaro: Ni ngombwa kubara imitwaro idahinduka (ibikoresho byigenga, ubushobozi bwo gutwara), imitwaro ihindagurika (gutembera, gushoka), n'imitwaro ikora (imbaraga zo gucukura, imbaraga zo gukurura, nibindi) kugira ngo hamenyekane ko chassis idahinduka cyangwa ngo ivunike mu gihe cy'akazi gakomeye.
**Guhitamo ibikoresho: Ibyuma bikomeye cyane (nka Q345, Q460), ibishushanyo byihariye, cyangwa ibyuma bisutswe, hazirikanwa imbaraga zo gukurura, ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'umunaniro, n'ubushobozi bwo gukora.
**Kunoza Imiterere: Kugenzura uko imitsi ikwirakwira binyuze mu gusesengura ibintu bingana (FEA), no gukoresha imigozi y'agasanduku, imigozi ya I, cyangwa imiterere y'agasanduku kugira ngo byongere ubukana bwo kunama/guhinduka kw'inyuma.

2. Ituze n'Uburinganire
** Ikigo cyo Kugenzura Uburemere bw'Ingufu: Gabanya neza aho ibikoresho biherereye hagati y'uburemere (nk'ukugabanya moteri, gushushanya ibintu biremereye), kugira ngo wirinde ibyago byo kuguruka.
** Inzira n'Umuyoboro w'Amapine: Hindura inzira n'umuyoboro w'Amapine ukurikije aho ukorera (ubutaka butaringaniye cyangwa ubutaka burambuye) kugira ngo wongere ubusugire bw'uruhande/uburebure.
** Sisitemu yo Guhagarika: Kora icyuma gihagarika amazi, amasoko y'amavuta aturuka ku mwuka cyangwa ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi bishingiye ku miterere y'imashini ziremereye kugira ngo ugabanye ingaruka zihindagurika.

3. Kuramba no kumara igihe kinini
**Igishushanyo kirwanya umunaniro: Isesengura ry'ubuzima bw'umunaniro rigomba gukorwa ku bice by'ingenzi (nk'ingingo z'inyuma n'imigozi yo gusudira) kugira ngo hirindwe ukwiyongera kw'imihangayiko.
**Ubuvuzi bwo kurwanya ingese: Koresha galvanizing ishyushye, epoxy resin spraying, cyangwa coating combined kugira ngo wihuze n'ibidukikije bikomeye nko gusukura amazi n'umunyu.
**Uburinzi Budashira: Shyiramo ibyuma bidashira cyangwa imigozi ishobora gusimburwa ahantu hashobora gusaza (nk'aho imodoka zihagarara n'aho imodoka zihagarara).

4. Guhuza Powertrain
**Imiterere ya Powertrain: Imiterere ya moteri, transmission, na drive axle bigomba gutuma inzira yo kohereza ingufu iba ngufi kugira ngo bigabanye igihombo cy'ingufu.
**Ikoreshwa neza mu gutwara abantu: Kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza ama-gearbox, moteri za hydraulic, cyangwa hydrostatic drives (HST) kugira ngo umenye neza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu.
**Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe: Bika imiyoboro ikwirakwiza ubushyuhe cyangwa ushyiremo sisitemu zo gukonjesha kugira ngo wirinde ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'ibice bikwirakwiza ubushyuhe.

II. Ibisabwa ku bijyanye no guhuza ibidukikije
1. Guhuza n'imiterere y'ubutaka
** Guhitamo uburyo bwo kugenda: Chassis yo mu bwoko bwa track (umuvuduko mwinshi wo hasi, ukwiriye ubutaka bworoshye) cyangwa chassis yo mu bwoko bwa pine (igenda yihuta cyane, ubutaka bukomeye).
** Inzira yo kunyuramo: Kora ahantu hahagije ho kunyuramo hashingiwe ku kuba hakenewe ko hanyuramo kugira ngo wirinde ko icyuma gitera imbogamizi cyangirika.
** Uburyo bwo kuyobora: Uburyo bwo kuyobora bukoresha uburyo burambuye, uburyo bwo kuyobora bw'ibiziga cyangwa uburyo bwo kuyobora butandukanye kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kuyobora neza mu turere duto.

2. Uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by'imikorere
** Guhangana n'ubushyuhe: Ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora hagati ya -40°C na +50°C kugira ngo birinde kuvunika nabi mu bushyuhe buke cyangwa kwiroha mu bushyuhe bwinshi.
** Ubudahangarwa bw'Umukungugu n'Amazi: Ibice by'ingenzi (amaberiya, imitako) bigomba kurindwa bifite igipimo cya IP67 cyangwa kirenga. Ibice by'ingenzi bishobora no gushyirwa mu gasanduku kugira ngo hirindwe ko umucanga n'umwanda byinjira.

III. Ibisabwa mu mutekano no mu mategeko
1. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'umutekano
** Uburinzi bwo Kuzenguruka: Bufite ROPS (Inyubako Irinda Gutembera) na FOPS (Inyubako Irinda Gutembera).
** Sisitemu yo Gufunga Ingufu: Igishushanyo mbonera cy’ingufu (gufunga feri mu buryo bwa mekanike + hydraulic) kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kwihutisha mu bihe by’impanuka.
** Kugenzura Idanyerera: Ku mihanda itose cyangwa inyerera cyangwa ahantu hahanamye, imbaraga zo gufata imodoka zirushaho kwiyongera binyuze mu gufunga imodoka mu buryo butandukanye cyangwa sisitemu z'ikoranabuhanga zirinda kunyerera.

2. Gukurikiza amategeko
**Amahame Mpuzamahanga: Huza amahame nka ISO 3471 (isuzuma rya ROPS) na ISO 3449 (isuzuma rya FOPS).
**Ibisabwa ku bidukikije: Kuzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (nk’icyiciro cya 4/icyiciro cya V ku mashini zitari iz’umuhanda) no kugabanya urusaku.

IV. Kubungabunga no Gusana
1. Igishushanyo mbonera cya Modular: Ibice by'ingenzi (nk'imigozi itwara imizigo n'imiyoboro ya hydraulic) byakozwe mu buryo bwa modular kugira ngo bivugururwe kandi bisimburwe vuba.
2. Uburyo bwo kubungabunga: Hatangwa imyobo yo kugenzura kandi ahantu ho gushyira amavuta hashyirwa hagati kugira ngo bigabanye igihe n'ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga.
3. Gusuzuma amakosa: Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigenzura ibipimo nk’umuvuduko w’amavuta, ubushyuhe, n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bishyigikira uburyo bwo kuburira hakiri kare cyangwa uburyo bwo gupima amakuru bwa OBD.

V. Gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye no gukoresha neza ingufu
1. Kugabanya uburemere bw'ibikoresho: Koresha icyuma gikomeye cyane, aluminiyumu, cyangwa ibikoresho bivanze mu gihe ugenzura ko imiterere y'ibikoresho ikora neza.
2. Gutunganya Topology: Koresha ikoranabuhanga rya CAE kugira ngo ukureho ibikoresho bidakenewe no kunoza imiterere y'imiterere (nk'imiringa y'ubukonje n'imiterere y'ubuki).
3. Kugenzura Ikoreshwa ry'Ingufu: Kongera imikorere myiza ya sisitemu yo kohereza lisansi kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa rya lisansi cyangwa ingufu.

VI. Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye
1. Imiterere y'imiterere y'imiyoboro iri hagati: Kunoza imiterere hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo n'ibisabwa mu miyoboro yo hejuru, harimo imiyoboro, inkingi, nibindi.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'imizigo yo guterura: Gushushanya imizigo yo guterura hakurikijwe ibisabwa n'ibikoresho byo guterura.
3. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ikirango: Capa cyangwa andikaho ikimenyetso ukurikije ibyo umukiriya akeneye.