Terefone:
Imeri:
Ikibazo cyo gutandukana kw'inzira z'umuhanda kuri chassis yo kuzenguruka ni ikibazo gikomeye, ariko ni ikibazo gishobora gukemurwa neza binyuze mu gushushanya neza no gukoresha neza. Mu kunoza imiterere n'imikorere y'umusaruro ku bufatanye, ndetse no gukoresha neza no kubungabunga, ibyago byo gutandukana kw'inzira z'umuhanda bishobora kugabanuka cyane.
Ubwa mbere, menya impamvu y'ikurwaho ry'itsinda.
- Kunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo gukurura umuvuduko: Urugero, gukurura umuvuduko kudahagije bituma inzira zigenda zigabanuka, cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukurura umuvuduko (nk'amaboliti) kikarekura mu gihe cyo kunyeganyega, bigatuma habaho gutandukana.
- Gutembera cyane ku ruhande: Mu gihe cyo guhindukira cyane cyangwa iyo utwaye imodoka ku misozi miremire, imbaraga nyinshi zo ku ruhande zishobora gutuma inzira zimanuka ku ruhande ziva ku migozi yo hasi cyangwa ku mugozi.
- Kwangirika gukabije kw'ibice: Kwangirika k'umugozi w'icyuma bituma "inzira" irushaho kuba ndende, cyangwa kwangirika kw'amapine ashyigikira bigabanya ubushobozi bwo kuyobora, amaherezo bigatera gutandukana.
- Kwinjira mu bintu by’amahanga: Amabuye cyangwa ibyondo n’umucanga bihambiriye hagati y’inzira n’amapine y’ubuyobozi bishobora gutera guhindagurika cyangwa kwiyongera kw’icyuho, bigatera guta inzira.
Gukumira Igishushanyo: Gushyiraho Ishingiro ry'Insinga Zirwanya Kuruhuka
· Kubara no guhitamo neza:Hashingiwe ku buremere bw'ikinyabiziga, imbaraga za moteri ndetse n'ubudahangarwa ntarengwa bwo gutwara, ibipimo, ubugari n'uburyo icyuma gihuza icyuma "four rollers and one track" bibarwa neza. Mu bihe bikomeye nko kuyobora no kuzamuka, porogaramu yo kwigana ikoreshwa mu kwigana no kugenzura.
· Kunoza amakuru y'ingenzi:Binyuze mu buryo bwo kurinda bukora, guta inzira y'umuhanda bishobora kubuzwa aho ituruka:
· Gukoresha uburyo bwinshi bwo kunoza ibipimo bihuye:Binyuze mu isesengura rya mekanike no kwigana, ibipimo bya geometrike bya sprockets, rollers zo hepfo na front idlers biranonosorwa kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo gushyiramo mesh neza.
· Kongera imbaraga mu kurwanya gucika intege mu buryo bwa mekanike:Amasahani agabanya kubohoka, imipaka cyangwa vis zoroshye zongeweho ku mabati agabanya umuvuduko kugira ngo hirindwe koroherwa gukomeye guterwa no kunyeganyega.
· Kunoza uburyo bwo gukurura umwuka uhindagurika/uhindagurika:Hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byo gukaza umuvuduko byikora cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukaza umuvuduko bihoraho igihe cyose. Igishushanyo cya "double-idler" gishobora kandi kugabanya umuvuduko.
· Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inzira giherereyemo:Mu gushyiraho imiterere ikorana na "concave-convex" hagati y'ikibaho cy'inzira n'agapira, inzira nyinshi zirakorwa, bigatuma uruziga rw'inyuma rudacika cyane.
· Kongeramo imigozi yo ku ruhande:Shyiramo imigozi miremire kurusha inzira ku mpande zombi z'imirongo n'inyuma kugira ngo bitange imbogamizi ku mubiri.
· Guhuza ibyondo n'amazi akoreshwa mu gukata:Kora imiyoboro y'amazi cyangwa ibyuma byo gukurura ibyondo mu bice by'ingenzi kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu bikomeye bifatwa bigatera kwangirika kw'imiterere y'ibintu.
· Sisitemu y'ibinyabiziga ihujwe:Ongera imbaraga z'ikinyabiziga mu gice cyo hagati cy'uburemere n'uburemere bwacyo kugira ngo wirinde umuvuduko ukabije w'aho kijya kandi ugabanye ibyago byo kwangirika kudasanzwe kw'umuhanda.
Ubuhanga n'Ubukorikori: Guhindura Igishushanyo mbonera kikaba ukuri kwizewe
· Kugenzura neza ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho fatizo:genzura neza imiterere y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, imiterere ya mekanike n'uburyo icyuma gikoreshwa mu byuma biramba. Ongera uburyo bwo gukoresha icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kudacika no kudasaza, kandi wongere imbaraga zo gufatanya n'insinga z'icyuma/amenyo y'icyuma.
· Kugenzura neza uburyo ibikorwa by'ingenzi bikorwa: Gutera/gucura neza: reba neza imiterere y'amenyo y'agace k'inkoni kandi ushyireho imigozi ijyanye n'inzira.
· Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe bwiza cyane:gukora ubushyuhe nko kuzimya ibice nk'udupira n'amaboko kugira ngo ubuso bukomere kandi bugakomera, ariko kandi ugakomeza gukomera.
· Gusukura no guteranya neza:menya neza ko ibice byose (cyane cyane utuzu twa hydraulic tensioning oil cylinders) bisukuye neza mbere yo guteranya; shyira hamwe neza kandi ushyiremo kole neza hakurikijwe amabwiriza.
· Kongera imbaraga mu igenzura ry’ubuziranenge:Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gupima ibintu mu buryo bwuzuye kandi bunoze kuva ku bikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye kugira ngo harebwe ko ingano y'ibice n'uburyo bihangana n'aho ibintu biherereye byujuje ibisabwa. Gukora ibizamini bikomeye by'imikorere ku bicuruzwa byarangiye.
· Tanga ubumenyi bw'ubwenge:Gushyiramo ibikoresho byo gukurura imbaraga, aho umurongo uherereye, nibindi, kandi ugakorana na sisitemu yo kugenzura kugira ngo ubone uburyo bwo kuburira buhinduka no guhindura imikorere mu buryo bwikora. Gushyira ahantu hahurira abantu n'aho bashyira ibintu mu mwanya wabo mu gihe cyo gukora.
Binyuze mu ngamba zihuza neza imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera n'umusaruro, ibibazo byinshi byo gutandukanya ibintu bishobora kwirindwa.
Uretse igishushanyo mbonera n'umusaruro, imikorere n'ibungabungwa neza n'abakoresha mu gihe cyo kubikoresha nabyo ni ingenzi cyane. Mu gukurikiza ingingo zikurikira, ibyago byo gutandukana bishobora kugabanuka cyane.
Ingeso yo gukora: Irinde gutuma habaho gutandukana kw'ibiceinzira
1. Gutangira no guhindukira neza: Irinde guhindukira cyane cyangwa guhindukira vuba cyane uhagaze. Ahubwo, hindukira gato, usubiremo, kandi buhoro buhoro kugira ngo ugabanye imbaraga zo gusunika ku ruhande. Tangira buhoro buhoro kandi wihutishe buhoro buhoro kugira ngo wirinde ko inzira zigwa cyangwa zihindagurika bitewe n'imbaraga nini zitunguranye.
2. Kugenzura umuvuduko n'ubutaka: Gabanya umuvuduko ahantu habi, hato, cyangwa mu byondo. Iyo utwaye imodoka ku muvuduko mwinshi kandi uhura n'imbogamizi cyangwa inzira ikarishye, birashoboka cyane ko yatakaza imbaraga. Irinde gutwara imodoka igihe kirekire ahantu hahanamye harenze urugero rw'imiterere ya chassis (ubusanzwe < 30°).
3. Irinde kurenza urugero no kugongana: Koresha neza mu bushobozi bw'imizigo bugenwa. Mu gihe uzamuka imisozi miremire cyangwa wambuka imiyoboro, reba icyerekezo cy'urugendo uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo wirinde imbaraga nyinshi ku ruhande rumwe rw'inzira cyangwa hasi y'inzira zihagarikwa. Ntukigere ukoresha uruhande rw'inzira kugira ngo ugongane n'ibintu bikomeye.
Igenzura rya buri munsi no kubungabunga: Gukumira ibibazo mbere yuko bibaho
1. Mbere ya buri gikorwa:
· Kugenzura umuvuduko: Pima ukoresheje agakoresho. Icyitegererezo gisanzwe: Ihindagurika ry'igice cyo hagati cy'inzira yo hejuru rigomba kuba hagati ya 2% na 3% by'intera iri hagati y'amapine abiri. Kurekura bishobora gutuma habaho gutandukana, mu gihe gufungana byongerera ubusaza. Reba niba hari amazi yavuye mu gikoresho gitera umuvuduko (nk'agasanduku k'amavuta).
· Gukuraho ibintu by'amahanga: Kuraho amabuye, ibisasu by'ibyondo, cyangwa insinga z'icyuma zamaze gufatirwa hagati y'uruziga rw'imodoka, uruziga ruyobora, n'uruziga ruyishyigikira ku gihe.
· Igenzura ry'amaso: Reba imiyoboro cyangwa imiterere y'umuhanda n'inzira y'umunyururu, kandi niba umugozi w'icyuma urekuye cyangwa warahindutse.
2. Mu gihe cyo gukora: Niba wumvise amajwi adasanzwe (nk'amajwi yo "gukanda" ibyuma) cyangwa ukumva uhushye uruhande rumwe, hagarara ako kanya kugira ngo urebe. Ntugahatire imodoka gukomeza kugenda.
3. Gutunganya no gutunganya buri gihe:
· Hindura umuvuduko w'imbaraga ukurikije igihe: Nyuma y'uko inzira nshya ikoreshejwe amasaha 50-100, igomba kongera guhindurwa kugira ngo ihuze n'umuvuduko (kubera ko yagabanutse mbere). Hanyuma, genzura umuvuduko w'imbaraga rimwe mu masaha 250-500.
· Gucunga kwambara kimwe: Hindura buri gihe inzira ibumoso n'iburyo (niba igishushanyo kibikwemerera), bishobora kuringaniza kwambara no gukumira gucika intege cyane ku ruhande rumwe.
· Simbuza ibice byashaje: Simbuza ibyo guteranya cyangwa ibice iyo umugozi w'uruhererekane wiyongereyeho ibirenze 3%, umurambararo w'inyuma w'agapira k'icyuma ushira kugeza kuri 5% kugeza kuri 10% by'ingano ya mbere, cyangwa agace k'icyuma kacitse cyane.
⚠️Gufata ingamba zihutirwa nyuma yo gukuraho umukandara
Niba inzira yavuyemo, hagarika imodoka ako kanya kandi uhagarike kugerageza "gusubira inyuma" wongereye imbaraga. Ibi bishobora kwangiza amenyo y'imodoka cyangwa bigaca inzira. Koresha jeki kugira ngo uzamure uruhande aho umukandara wavuye, ukureho imyanda, kandi ukoreshe ibikoresho nk'icyuma gikingira kugira ngo uyishyireho mu buryo bwa "banza ushyiremo uruziga rw'imodoka/uruziga rw'imodoka, hanyuma ushyireho uruziga rw'imodoka". Niba udafite uburambe, nyamuneka hamagara abakozi b'inzobere mu by'ubuvuzi babikore.
Muri rusange, iyo uyikoresha, gukurikiza inzira zisanzwe zo kuyikoresha (gutebuka, koroshya, guhindagurika) + kugenzura buri gihe uburyo bwo gukaraba no kuyisukura + gusimbuza ibice byashaje ku gihe ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo gukumira ko umukandara ucika ku ruhande rw'umukoresha.