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Imeri:
KubungabungaIgare ry'imbere ry'icyuma rikoresha inzirani ingenzi kugira ngo wongere igihe cyo gukora, cyane cyane mu bikorwa bikomeye cyangwa ahantu hagoye (nk'imashini z'ubwubatsi, imashini z'ubuhinzi, imodoka za gisirikare, nibindi). Ibi bikurikira ni inama zirambuye zo kubungabunga, zikubiyemo kubungabunga buri munsi, igenzura rya buri gihe n'ingamba zo kubungabunga umwuga:
一Gusukura buri munsi no kuvura ingese
1. Kuraho imyanda
- Nyuma ya buri gikorwa, hita usukura ibintu bishya nk'umucanga, umucanga, ibyatsi bibi, nibindi mu myobo iri mu nzira kugira ngo wirinde ko byafatirwa mu byuma bizunguruka cyangwa hagati y'imiyoboro y'urunigi no kwihutisha kwangirika.
- Mu gihe ukoresha imbunda y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi kugira ngo usukemo amazi, witondere kwirinda ko yangirika ku gice cyo gufunga icyuma kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yinjira cyangwa ngo amavuta akoreshwe nabi.
2. Kurinda ingese no kumisha
- Nyuma yo gusukura, yumutsa neza inzira, cyane cyane ibice by'icyuma bifatanye n'iminyururu n'udupira, kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushuhe busigara butera ingese.
- Mu gihe ukorera ahantu hakonje cyangwa hari umunyu (nk'uturere two ku nkombe), tera umuti ugabanya ingese cyangwa ushyireho amavuta kugira ngo ukore agahu gakingira.
二Gutunganya amavuta yo gusiga no gufunga neza
1. Siga amavuta ku bice by'ingenzi buri gihe
- Udupira n'udupira: buri masaha 50-100 y'akazi cyangwa uko bisabwa n'uruganda, shyira amavuta adapfa amazi kandi adashobora gushyuha cyane (nk'amavuta ya lithium) mu bintu bisiga amavuta kugira ngo ugabanye gukururana no kunanirwa kw'icyuma.
- Ipine y'umuzingo, ipine y'umuyoboro n'ipine y'umuzingo: Reba aho ipfundikirwa hanyuma wongeremo amavuta kugira ngo wirinde ko ipine yumye yangiza ipine.
2. Guhindura uburyo bwo gufunga umurongo
- Komeza gukaza neza (reba igitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho). Kurekura cyane bishobora gutuma amenyo asimbuka cyangwa agacika, mu gihe gufunga cyane bishobora kongera kwangirika imbere no gukoresha ingufu.
- Uburyo bwo guhindura: Koresha hydraulic tensioner cyangwa bolts zo guhindura kugira ngo urebe neza ko gucika hagati mu nzira biri hagati ya mm 20-50 (agaciro kabyo karatandukanye bitewe n'icyitegererezo).
三Igenzura rya buri gihe no kugenzura ubwanwa bw'ibicuruzwa
1. Igenzura ry'amaso
- Imigozi n'udupira by'iminyururu: Reba niba hari imivuniko, ubwihindurize cyangwa ubusaza bukabije (niba ubunini bw'imigozi y'iminyururu bugabanutseho ibirenze 10%, igomba gusimbuzwa).
- Inkweto zo mu muhanda: Reba niba amenyo afatanye n'ubutaka yangiritse. Niba uburebure bw'amenyo bwambaye burenga 30% cyangwa bwarangiritse, agomba gusimbuzwa.
- Amaboliti n'imiti: Kangura amaboliti yo guhuza inzira kugira ngo wirinde gucika intege no kwangirika kw'imiterere.
2. Gukurikirana ibimenyetso by'uko byambaye
- Hari inzira zakozwe zifite utwenge tw’ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibintu byangiritse cyangwa ibimenyetso. Iyo ibimenyetso byazimye, ibice bihuye na byo bigomba gusimbuzwa.
四Kunoza uburyo bwo gukora neza
1. Irinde gukora nabi
- Gabanya guhindukira gukomeye no kuzunguruka, bishobora kongera cyane kwangirika k'uruhande rw'umuhanda.
- Irinde imbaraga z'igihe kirekire zishingiye ku ruhande rumwe (nk'uruhande rumwe rw'inzira rwibira mu cyondo) kandi ugerageze gukomeza umutwaro uringaniye.
2. Kugenzura aho akazi gakorerwa
- Gabanya umuvuduko iyo utwaye imodoka mu mihanda ikomeye (nk'isima) kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika kw'inkweto zo ku muhanda n'ubutaka.
- Irinde kuguma ahantu hashyushye cyane (nk'ahantu hakubira ibisigazwa by'imyanda) igihe kirekire kugira ngo wirinde gusaza kw'ibice bya kabutura (niba bihari).
五Kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bihe bitandukanye no mu buryo bwihariye
1. Kubungabunga igihe cy'itumba
- Mu bushyuhe buke, amavuta ashobora gukomera bityo agakenera gusimbuzwa amavuta yihariye yo kwisiga mu bushyuhe buke.
- Kura urubura n'urubura vuba nyuma yo gukora kugira ngo hirindwe ubukonje no gutuma icyuma gihagarika inzira kinanirwa.
2. Ahantu harimo ivumbi/ibitose
- Sukura kenshi kugira ngo wirinde ko ibicanga byinjira mu nzira.
- Reba niba agapfundikizo kameze neza hanyuma ushyireho agapfundikizo gafite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ivumbi cyane bibaye ngombwa.
六Gusana by'umwuga no gusimbuza ibice
1. Gusesa no kugenzura buri gihe
- Buri masaha 500-1000 (cyangwa nk'uko byasabwe n'uwakoze), kuraho inzira kugira ngo urebe ko ibitereko by'imbere n'udupira byangiritse, hanyuma usimbuze ibice byangiritse ku gihe.
2. Ihame ryo gusimbuza mu matsinda abiri
- Mu gusimbuza imiyoboro y'uruhererekane, imigozi y'inzira n'ibindi bice, bigomba gusimburwa mu buryo bungana kugira ngo hirindwe imbaraga zitangana bitewe n'itandukaniro riri hagati y'ibice bishya n'ibishaje.
七Ibisabwa mu kubika
- Iyo ibikoresho bidakoreshejwe igihe kirekire, biparike ahantu humutse kandi harambuye hanyuma urekure imbaraga z'umuhanda kugeza igihe cyoroshye.
- Koresha ibiti cyangwa udukingirizo kugira ngo ushyigikire inzira kugira ngo wirinde ko ibice bihuza ubutaka byangirika bitewe n'igitutu cy'igihe kirekire.
Incamake y'ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku buzima
| Ibintu | Ingaruka ku byavuye mu ngaruka | Ingamba zo kurwanya |
| Amavuta adahagije | Yihutisha kwangirika kw'agapira n'udupira | Shyira amavuta buri gihe kandi urebe niba afunze neza. |
| Inzira irafunganye cyane cyangwa irekuye cyane | gusimbuka, kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika imbere mu nda | Hindura umuvuduko ukurikije amabwiriza y'ubuyobozi |
| Ibintu by'amahanga byafatiwe mu munyururu | Imiyoboro y'uruhererekane irangirika cyangwa iracikagurika. | Bisukure ku gihe kandi urebe neza niba icyuma gikingira kirinda kiriho ubuziranenge. |
| Imikorere idahwitse (guhindukira mu buryo butunguranye, nibindi) | Ubwinshi bw'imyambarire ku ruhande | Amahugurwa asanzwe agenga imikorere |
Binyuze mu kubungabunga neza, igihe cy'imihanda y'ibyuma gishobora kongerwaho 30%-50%, bigabanyije cyane igihe cyo kudakora kw'ibikoresho n'ikiguzi cyo gusana. Ni byiza gutegura gahunda yihariye yo kubungabunga hamwe n'igitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho no kwandika amakuru yose yo kubungabunga kugira ngo hasesengurwe uko ibintu bigenda bishira.