Ifowuni:
I-imeyile:
Nangona ii-bulldozers kunye nee-excavator zombini zizixhobo zokwakha eziqhelekileyo kwaye zombini zisetyenziswaisithuthi esingaphantsi kwekhaphethi, indawo ezisebenza ngayo yahlukile ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ngokuthe ngqo kumahluko abalulekileyo kwiindlela ezisetyenziswa ngayo iimoto zabo ezingaphantsi kwesithuthi.
Masenze uthelekiso oluneenkcukacha kwiinkalo ezininzi eziphambili:
1. Umahluko kwiMisebenzi ePhambili kunye neMiba yoYilo
Imisebenzi Engundoqo:
Isithuthi esingaphantsi kweBulldozer: Sibonelela ngokunamathela okukhulu emhlabeni kunye neqonga elizinzileyo lokuxhasa imisebenzi yokuwisa.
Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi sokumba esiqhelekileyo: Sibonelela ngesiseko esizinzileyo nesiguquguqukayo kwisixhobo esingaphezulu ukuze senze imisebenzi yokumba ejikelezayo engama-360°.
Ingcamango yoYilo:
Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwenqwelo-mafutha iBulldozer: Ukusebenza okudibeneyo: Umzimba wesithuthi uqhagamshelwe ngokuqinileyo kwisixhobo esisebenzayo (i-scythe). I-chassis kufuneka ithwale amandla amakhulu okuphendula okuwela phantsi.
Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi sokumba umgodi: Ukusebenza okwahlulweyo: Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi sisixhobo esiphathwayo, kwaye isixhobo esingaphezulu sisixhobo esisebenzayo. Ziqhagamshelwe ngenkxaso ejikelezayo.
Ubudlelwane neSixhobo esiSebenzayo:
Isithuthi esingaphantsi kweBulldozer: Isixhobo esisebenzayo (i-scythe) sibotshelelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhelo sesithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi. Amandla okutyhala athwalwa kwaye adluliselwe ngokupheleleyo yisithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi.
Isithuthi esingaphantsi komhlaba esisetyenziswa ekuvumbululeni: Isixhobo esisebenzayo (ingalo, ibhakede, ibhakede) sifakwe kwiqonga lesithuthi esingaphezulu. Amandla okumba athwalwa kakhulu sisakhiwo sesithuthi esingaphezulu, kwaye isithuthi esingaphantsi komhlaba sithwala kakhulu ixesha lokujika kunye nobunzima.
2. Izakhiwo ezithile kunye nomahluko kwezobuchwepheshe
Isakhelo sokuhamba kunye nolwakhiwo lweChassis
I-Bulldozer:
• Isebenzisa i-subcarriage eqinileyo edibeneyo: Inkqubo ye-subcarriage idla ngokuba sisakhiwo esiqinileyo esiqhagamshelwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-subcarriage ephambili.
• Injongo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla amakhulu okusabela ngexesha lemisebenzi yokuwisa anokudluliselwa ngokuthe ngqo nangaphandle kokulahleka kuyo yonke indawo engaphantsi kwesithuthi, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kunye namandla okusebenza komatshini.
Umvubukuli:
• Isebenzisa ifreyimu yesithuthi esisezantsi esimile okwe-X okanye okwe-H, eqhagamshelwe kwisixhobo esingaphezulu ngeenkxaso ezijikelezayo.
• Injongo: Inkqubo yesithuthi esingaphantsi komhlaba ikakhulu yenza imisebenzi yokuxhasa nokuhamba. Uyilo lwayo kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba ubunzima beqonga lesithuthi esingaphezulu kunye namandla okusabela okumbiwayo anokusasazwa ngokulinganayo ngexesha lokujikeleza kwe-360°. Isakhiwo se-X/H sinokusasaza ngempumelelo uxinzelelo kwaye sinike indawo yokufaka isixhobo esijikelezayo.
Uyilo lwevili oluthwala imithwalo kunye nomzila
I-Bulldozer:
• Igeyiji yomzila ibanzi, i-undercarriage iphantsi, kwaye umbindi womxhuzulane uphantsi.
• Inani leerola zetrekhi likhulu, ubungakanani buncinci, kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo, ziphantse zigubungele lonke ubude bomhlaba wetrekhi.
• Injongo: Ukwandisa indawo yokudibana komhlaba, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lomhlaba, ukubonelela ngozinzo oluhle kakhulu, kunye nokuthintela ukujika okanye ukuguqa ngexesha lokuwa. Amavili athwele umthwalo asondeleyo anokuhambisa ubunzima ngcono kwipleyiti yomzila kwaye azivumelanise nomhlaba ongalinganiyo.
Umvubukuli:
• Igeyiji yetrekhi incinci kakhulu, isithuthi esingaphantsi kwetreyi siphezulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqhuba nokuwela imiqobo.
• Inani leerola zetrekhi lincinci, ubungakanani bukhulu, kwaye isithuba sibanzi.
• Injongo: Ukuphucula ukuhamba kakuhle kunye nokuguquguquka ngelixa kuqinisekiswa uzinzo olwaneleyo. Amavili amakhulu athwala imithwalo kunye nesithuba esibanzi kunceda ukusasaza imithwalo yempembelelo eveliswa ngexesha lokumba okunamandla.
Indlela yokuqhuba kunye nokuhambisa
I-Bulldozer:
• Ngokwesiko, ikakhulu isebenzisa i-hydraulic mechanical transmission. Amandla enjini adlula kwi-torque converter, i-gearbox, i-central transmission, i-steering clutch, kunye ne-final drive, ekugqibeleni ifikelela kwi-track kunye ne-sprocket.
• Iimpawu: Ukusebenza kakuhle kothumelo, kunokubonelela ngokubambelela okuqhubekayo nokunamandla, okufanelekileyo kwimveliso yamandla engaguqukiyo efunekayo kwimisebenzi yokuwisa.
Umvubukuli:
• Ii-excavators zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa i-hydraulic transmission. Ithrekhi nganye iqhutywa yi-hydraulic motor ezimeleyo.
• Iimpawu: Ingafikelela ekuqhubeni kwindawo yayo, ikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo, kulula ukululungisa indawo kwiindawo ezimxinwa.
Inkqubo yoXinzelelo kunye nokuSuswa
I-Bulldozer:
• Ngokwesiqhelo kusetyenziswa ukumiswa okuqinileyo okanye ukumiswa okuqinileyo kancinci. Akukho okanye kukho uhambo oluncinci lwe-buffer phakathi kwamavili athwala umthwalo kunye ne-chassis.
• Injongo: Kwimisebenzi yomhlaba othe tyaba, ukumiswa okuqinileyo kunokubonelela ngenkxaso ezinzileyo, kuqinisekisa umgangatho wemisebenzi ethe tyaba.
Umvubukuli:
• Ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokuqinisa igesi yeoyile esinomoya oxutyiweyo. Amavili athwala umthwalo aqhagamshelwe kwi-chassis nge-hydraulic oil kunye ne-nitrogen gas buffering.
• Injongo: Ukufunxa ngempumelelo impembelelo kunye nokungcangcazela ngexesha lokumba, ukuhamba, nokuhamba, ukukhusela ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwesithuthi kunye nenkqubo ye-hydraulic, kunye nokuphucula intuthuzelo yokusebenza kunye nobomi bomatshini.
Iimpawu zokunxiba ze "four rollers kunye ne-one track"
ITrektara:
• Ngenxa yokusebenza rhoqo kokuqondisa kunye nokuhamba okuthe tyaba, amacala e-idler yangaphambili kunye neendlela ze-chain zeendlela zomzila zigugile kakhulu.
Umvubukuli:
• Ngenxa yokusebenza rhoqo kokujikeleza kwindawo, ukuguguleka kwee-track rollers kunye nee-top rollers kubonakala ngakumbi, ingakumbi inxalenye yomphetho.
3. Isishwankathelo:
• Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwetrektara sifana nomzimba ongezantsi womdlali we-sumo onzima, oqinileyo nozinzileyo, omile ngokuqinileyo emhlabeni, ngenjongo yokutyhala utshaba phambili.
• Isithuthi esingaphantsi kwesithuthi sokumba sifana nesiseko sekreyini esiguquguqukayo, sibonelela ngesiseko esizinzileyo se-boom ephezulu kwaye sikwazi ukulungisa indlela kunye nendawo njengoko kufuneka.